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. 2025 Nov 6;10(1):70–94. doi: 10.1007/s41666-025-00222-8

Table 6.

Accuracy and stability comparison on human pancreas gene expression and MNIST datasets

Cell Type Identification Handwritten Digit Recognition
Model Accuracy@1 Stability Accuracy@1 Stability
INVASE 0.948 ± 0.012 0.831 0.977 ± 0.090 0.810
LSPIN 0.943 ± 0.010 0.829 0.963 ± 0.011 0.833
gI 0.747 ± 0.013 0.861 0.965 ± 0.012 0.857
GroupFS 0.769 ± 0.013 0.881 0.958 ± 0.015 0.823
Inline graphic 0.943 ± 0.011 0.872 0.963 ± 0.011 0.866
Inline graphic 0.959 ± 0.012 0.899 0.979 ± 0.011 0.852