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. 2026 Jan 4;16:4736. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-34965-6

Table 4.

Classification results for the flevoland dataset.

Name of class # samples SGCN-L SGCN-G SGCN-LG SVM (pixel) SVM (superpixel) 2DCNN 3DCNN
Stembeans 6103 99.57 99.25 99.41 96.00 98.31 97.20 97.64
Peas 9111 100.00 100.00 99.95 96.53 99.73 97.32 96.90
Forest 14,944 93.75 92.92 99.59 86.32 98.32 90.20 97.42
Lucerne 9477 97.30 82.57 94.68 91.09 97.38 95.42 95.28
Wheat 17,283 98.86 97.18 99.86 78.67 98.76 83.93 92.89
Beet 10,050 90.88 84.95 98.64 90.11 97.25 94.44 95.26
Potatoes 15,292 76.49 89.61 98.11 75.22 91.90 88.27 86.86
Bare soil 3078 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.71 100.00 100.00 100.00
Grass 6269 99.79 89.26 99.98 79.01 98.37 78.96 88.47
Rapeseed 12,690 95.55 84.04 99.76 80.64 98.12 85.58 92.41
Barely 7156 100.00 99.85 100.00 93.00 99.68 99.34 96.12
Wheat 2 10,591 99.87 99.79 99.87 79.09 98.22 92.81 88.68
Wheat 3 21,300 99.83 85.54 99.97 85.82 98.70 94.02 95.63
Water 13,476 98.26 98.66 99.90 96.96 99.13 98.81 97.27
Buildings 476 85.08 97.27 90.55 94.75 97.90 90.97 95.38
AA 95.68 93.39 98.68 88.19 98.12 92.49 94.42
OA 95.64 92.15 99.26 86.10 97.89 91.81 93.99
K 95.24 91.45 99.19 84.86 97.70 91.07 93.44
Macro-F1 95.47 88.62 97.43 85.85 97.97 91.79 93.97