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Production of proinflammatory cytokines in hMPV- or RSV-infected mice. BALB/c mice were infected with 107 PFU of sucrose purified hMPV or RSV. BAL fluid was collected at different time points after viral infection and IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, GM-CSF, and G-CSF were measured by Bio-Plex Mouse Cytokine 18-Plex panel. Graphs represent mean ± the SEM (n = four mice/group). ✽, P < 0.05; #, P < 0.01; †, P < 0.001 (when hMPV and RSV infections are compared).
