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. 2026 Jan 23;16:1724684. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1724684

Figure 3.

Panel A shows microscopic images of osteoclasts at 24 and 72 hours post-infection in three conditions: non-infected (n.i.), wild type (WT), and mutant (ΔdotA). Panels B, C, and D display bar graphs illustrating osteoclast number, diameter, and nuclei number, respectively, at the same time points with statistical significance markers.

C. burnetii infection inhibits osteoclast differentiation in a DotA dependent manner. (A) Osteoclast cultures were infected with C. burnetii WT or ΔdotA after 2 days of RANKL stimulation. Osteoclast differentiation was quantified 24 hpi and 72 hpi by staining for TRAP. Cells were analyzed by light microscopy. Scale bar represents 100 μm. (B) Osteoclasts (TRAP+ cells with ≥3 nuclei) were counted with imageJ software (n=3). (C) Similar approaches were used to measure the osteoclast diameter and (D) the number of nucleus per field as a proxy for cell survival. Error bars represent the standard deviation. Data are shown as mean ± SD. Circle represent individual microscopical fields of view.