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. 2026 Jan 23;16:1724684. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1724684

Figure 5.

Bar graphs show the fold of induction over time for Nfatc1, Trap, and Ctsk, and gene expression levels for Itgam and Adgre1. Panels A, B, and C display increased induction at specific hours post-infection (hpi) with significant values marked. Panels D and E compare gene expression levels between different groups, showing statistical significance. The bars are color-coded for different conditions: n.i., WT, and ΔdotA. Error bars represent standard deviations.

C. burnetii infection alters the expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes in a DotA dependent manner. (A–C) Osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow progenitor cells (Figure 3A) were infected after 2 days of differentiation with C. burnetii WT or ΔdotA at MOI 10. Uninfected osteoclasts sampled 24 h after the infection of the other cells (n.i.) were used as control. mRNA expression of osteoclast marker genes (A)Nfatc1, (B)Trap and (C)Ctsk was measured by qPCR during the differentiation in cells after 6, 24, 48 and 72 hpi (n = 6-8). (D, E) BM macrophages were infected with C. burnetii WT or ΔdotA at MOI 10 for 24 h mRNA expression of macrophage marker genes (D)Itgam and (E)Adgre1 was measured by qPCR in osteoclast and macrophage samples infected for 24 hpi. Uninfected osteoclasts and macrophages sampled 24 h after the infection of the other cells (n.i.) were used as control (n=3). Data are shown as mean ± SD. Circle represent individual samples.