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. 2026 Jan 23;16:1724684. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1724684

Figure 9.

Graphs illustrating cytokine expression and secretion in various conditions. Panels A, C, E, G depict fold induction of Tnf, Il1b, Il6, and Il10 over time. Panels B, D, F, H show corresponding protein concentrations. Comparisons are made between non-infected (n.i.), WT, and ΔdotA groups, with statistical significance indicated by p-values.

C. burnetii needs DotA to restrain the cytokine production of osteoclasts after infection. Osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow progenitor cells (Figure 1A) were infected after 2 days of differentiation with C. burnetii WT or ΔdotA at MOI 10. Uninfected osteoclasts sampled 24 h after the infection of the other cells (n.i.) were used as control. mRNA expression of cytokine genes (A)TNF, (C)Il1b, (E)Il6 and (G)Il10 was measured by qPCR during the differentiation in cells after 24, 48 and 72 hpi (n=6). Secretion of cytokine (B) TNF, (D) IL-1B, (F) IL-6 and (H) IL-10 was also quantified in the supernatant of the cells 24 hpi (n=3). Data are shown as mean ± SD. Circle represent individual samples.