Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants and between-group comparison of patients with lower- and higher- BIA-derived phase angle
| Total N=499 | Female N=230 | Male N=269 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower PhA N=127 | Higher PhA N=103 | P | Lower PhA N=112 | Higher PhA N=157 | P | ||
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 74.0 (13.1) | 74.9 (12.0) | 68.5 (12.6) | <0.001 | 75.8 (12.1) | 64.4 (12.4) | <0.001 |
| Stroke type n (%) | |||||||
| Cerebral infarction | 314 (63) | 83 (65) | 56 (55) | <0.001 | 77 (69) | 97 (62) | 0.002 |
| Cerebral hemorrhage | 146 (29) | 33 (25) | 31 (31) | <0.001 | 31 (28) | 51 (32) | <0.001 |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 39 (8) | 11 (9) | 16 (14) | <0.001 | 4 (3) | 9 (6) | <0.001 |
| Length of stay, days, median [IQR] | 91.0[53.0, 142.0] | 90 [53, 146] | 66 [39, 120] | <0.001 | 119 [70, 150] | 77 [47, 121] | <0.001 |
| GNRI, median [IQR] | 96.8 [88.7, 105.3] | 94 [86, 103] | 101 [94, 108] | <0.001 | 93 [85, 102] | 104 [97, 112] | <0.001 |
| Premorbid mRS, median [IQR] | 0 [0, 1] | 0 [0, 2] | 0 [0, 1] | <0.001 | 1 [0, 2] | 0 [0, 1] | <0.001 |
| Paralysis, n (%) | |||||||
| Right | 209 (42) | 92 (40) | 40 (39) | <0.001 | 53 (46) | 63 (41) | <0.001 |
| Left | 196 (39) | 92 (40) | 39 (38) | <0.001 | 44 (39) | 58 (38) | <0.001 |
| Both | 21 (4) | 7 (3) | 1 (1) | <0.001 | 11 (8) | 5 (4) | <0.001 |
| BRS, median [IQR] | |||||||
| Upper limb | 5 [3, 6] | 5 [3, 6] | 6 [4, 6] | <0.001 | 4 [2, 6] | 5 [4, 6] | <0.001 |
| Hand-finger | 5 [3, 6] | 5 [3, 6] | 6 [4, 6] | <0.001 | 4 [1, 6] | 5 [4, 6] | <0.001 |
| Lower limb | 5 [3, 6] | 5 [3, 6] | 6 [5, 6] | <0.001 | 5 [2, 6] | 6 [4, 6] | <0.001 |
| CCI, median [IQR] | 3 [1, 4] | 3 [1, 4] | 2 [1, 3] | <0.001 | 3 [1, 5] | 2 [1, 3] | <0.001 |
| Muscle-related variables | |||||||
| HG, kg, median [IQR] | 19.0 [11.0, 27.6] | 14.0 [7.2, 18.9] | 18.2 [14.4, 22.2] | <0.001 | 19.7 [8.6, 24.7] | 31.3 [24.0, 36.8] | <0.001 |
| SMI, kg/m2, median [IQR] | 6.3 [5.2, 7.3] | 5.4 [4.7, 6.2] | 6.1 [5.5, 6.8] | <0.001 | 6.2 [5.7, 6.9] | 7.4 [7.0, 8.0] | <0.001 |
| Sarcopenia, n (%) | 216 (43.2) | 116 (51) | 19 (19) | 0.792 | 79 (70) | 21 (13) | <0.001 |
| FIM, score, median [IQR] | |||||||
| Total | 70 [36, 94] | 70 [33, 92] | 88 [58, 104] | <0.001 | 45 [28, 72] | 85 [59, 105] | <0.001 |
| Motor | 47 [20, 69] | 47 [17, 68] | 65 [38, 79] | <0.001 | 27 [14, 53] | 59 [40, 76] | <0.001 |
| Cognitive | 22 [14, 28] | 22 [13, 28] | 24 [18, 30] | <0.001 | 15 [10, 22] | 25 [17, 31] | <0.001 |
| FILS, median [IQR] | 8 [7, 10] | 8 [7, 10] | 10 [7, 10] | <0.001 | 7 [2, 9] | 10 [7, 10] | <0.001 |
| C-reactive protein, median [IQR] | 0.2 [0.1, 1.0] | 0.3 [0.1, 1.5] | 0.2 [0.1, 0.7] | 0.005 | 0.4 [0.1, 1.2] | 0.2 [0.1, 0.7] | 0.004 |
| PhA, median [IQR] | 4.4 [3.7, 5.3] | 4.0 [3.3, 4.7] | 4.8 [4.3, 5.1] | <0.001 | 4.1 [3.6, 4.4] | 5.6 [5.1, 6.1] | <0.001 |
Data expressed as mean (standard deviation), median [inter-quartile range], or n (%); BRS, Brunnstrom stage; CCI, Charlson's Comorbidity Index; FILS, Food Intake Level Scale; FIM, Functional Independence Measure; GNRI, geriatric nutritional risk index; HG, handgrip strength; MNA-SF, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form; mRS, modified Rankin scale; PhA, BIA-derived phase angle; SMI, skeletal muscle mass index