Deletion of Mcm1 residues 1 to 17 does not change the apparent bending angle of YGP1 DNA. (A) A circularly permuted probe with the R1-M2-M3 fragment, shown by a rectangle, from the YGP1 promoter was digested with BamHI, NheI, HindIII, or EcoRI to yield probes designated B, N, H, and E, respectively, so that the R1-M2-M3 fragment is located at different positions along the length of each probe. (B) EMSAs were performed using position-permuted fragments and purified Mcm1-1-96 and Mcm1-18-96. The bend angle for each protein-DNA complex was calculated using the Thompson and Landy relationship (48).