Table 3.

Sequence Divergence and Divergence Time of Population-Specific Lineages

Population-Specific Haplogroup	Primary Defining Polymorphism(s)a	Haplotypes	No. of (%) Subjects	Sequence Divergence(%)	Divergence Time(YBP)
Kung: α	−8112 MspI, −8150 MspI, +8249 AvaII, −8250 HaeIII	AF87–AF95b	26 (59)b	.119	41,000–54,100
Biaka Pygmies: β	+10319 AluI	AF62–63, AF66–AF69	11 (65)	.225	77,600–102,000
Mbuti Pygmies: γ	+11776 RsaI, −13065 DdeI	AF38–AF42	10 (45)	.042	14,500–19,100
Senegalese: δ	−322 HaeIII, −679 DdeI, −13957 HaeIII	AF49–AF58	22 (22)	.052	17,900–23,200

^aAll population-specific lineages listed are also defined by HpaI 3592 and DdeI 10394 site gains.

^bHaplotype AF92 was the only haplotype α lineage that was observed in the Khwe; its presence in the Khwe is attributed to genetic admixture with the Vasikela Kung, since five other Vasikela Kung individuals also have AF92 mtDNAs.