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. 2026 Jan 9;26:43. doi: 10.1186/s12873-026-01474-2

Table 2.

Study characteristics and context

S.N Reference Year of Publication Country of origin Sample size Study design Tool used HDP component assessed
1 [1] 2024 Iran 6 Cross-sectional Modified WHO hospital emergency response checklist FS
2 [2] 2024 Iran 1 Quasi-experimental Modified HSI 2015 version NS
3 [37] 2024 Indonesia 5 Mixed HSI 2015 version FS, NS, SS
4 [3] 2024 Iran 23 Longitudinal Modified HSI 2015 version FS, NS, SS
5 [38] 2024 Finland 28 Cross-sectional WHO hospital emergency response checklist FS
6 [4] 2024 Iran 55 Cross-sectional Modified HSI 2015 version FS, NS, SS
7 [15] 2023 Saudi Arabia 63 Cross-sectional WHO national health sector emergency preparedness and response tool and WHO hospital emergency response checklist FS, NS
8 [6] 2023 Ethiopia 17 Cross-sectional WHO hospital emergency response checklist FS
9 [17] 2023 Netherlands 20 Cross-sectional WHO hospital emergency response checklist FS
10 [39] 2023 Pakistan 5 Cross-sectional HSI 2015 version FS, NS, SS
11 [40] 2023 Peru 18 Cross-sectional HSI first version FS, NS, SS
12 [5] 2023 Ethiopia 10 Cross-sectional Researcher developed tool FS
13 [7] 2023 Iran 604 Cross-sectional Modified HSI tool FS, NS, SS
14 [8] 2022 Australia 6 Cross-sectional HSI 2015 version FS, NS, SS
15 [20] 2022 Ethiopia 4 Mixed HSI 2015 version FS
16 [10] 2022 Iran 1 Quasi-experimental Researcher developed tool FS
17 [11] 2022 Indonesia 9 Cross-sectional HSI 2015 version FS, NS, SS
18 [41] 2022 Tunisia 9 Cross-sectional HSI 2015 version FS, NS, SS
19 [42] 2022 Sweden 39 Cross-sectional Researcher developed tool FS, NS
20 [43] 2022 Ethiopia 10 Cross-sectional HSI 2015 version FS
21 [44] 2021 Saudi Arabia 63 Cross-sectional WHO national health sector emergency preparedness and response tool and WHO hospital emergency response checklist FS, NS
22 [16] 2021 Saudi Arabia 4 Quasi-experimental WHO hospital emergency response checklist FS
23 [18] 2021 Thailand 11 Cross-sectional Researcher developed tool FS
24 [45] 2020 Indonesia 5 Cross-sectional Modified HSI 2015 version FS
25 [46] 2020 Lebanon 24 Cross-sectional Researcher developed tool FS, NS
26 [47] 2020 Iran 1 Cross-sectional WHO hospital emergency response checklist FS
27 [19] 2020 Indonesia 15 Cross-sectional HSI 2015 version FS, NS, SS
28 [48] 2019 Iran 15 Cross-sectional Modified WHO hospital emergency response checklist FS
29 [49] 2019 Iran 1 Quasi-experimental Modified WHO hospital emergency response checklist FS
30 [50] 2019 Sri Lanka 1 Mixed Researcher developed tool FS, NS
31 [51] 2018 Iran 1 Quasi-experimental HSI first version FS, NS, SS
32 [52] 2018 Tanzania 25 Cross-sectional WHO national health sector emergency preparedness and response tool FS, NS
33 [53] 2018 USA 80 Cross-sectional Researcher developed tool FS
34 [54] 2018 Switzerland 83 Cross-sectional Researcher developed tool FS
35 [12] 2018 Yemen 10 Cross-sectional WHO hospital emergency response checklist FS, NS
36 [55] 2018 Iran 18 Cross-sectional WHO hospital emergency response checklist FS
37 [56] 2017 Saudi Arabia 13 Cross-sectional WHO toolkit for assessing health-system capacity for crisis management and WHO hospital emergency response checklist FS
38 [57] 2017 Iran 6 Cross-sectional HSI 2015 version FS, NS, SS
39 [58] 2017 Iran 8 Cross-sectional HSI first version NS
40 [13] 2017 India 190 Mixed Researcher developed tool FS
41 [9] 2016 Italy 15 Cross-sectional WHO hospital emergency response checklist FS
42 [59] 2016 Iran 421 Cross-sectional Modified HSI first version FS, NS, SS
43 [60] 2016 Saudi Arabia 14 Cross-sectional Researcher developed tool FS, NS
44 [61] 2016 China 65 Cross-sectional Researcher developed tool FS
45 [62] 2016 Iran 2 Cross-sectional HSI first version FS, NS, SS
46 [63] 2015 Yemen 9 Comparative WHO hospital emergency response checklist FS

Abbreviation: FS, Functional Safety; HSI, Hospital Safety Index; NS, Nonstructural Safety; SS, Structural Safety; WHO, World Health Organization