Table 1.
| Variable | mtDNA | Autosomes | YChromosome | XChromosome |
| Transmission | Maternal | Biparental | Paternala | Biparentalb |
| Copy number | Sexes equal | M: 2; F: 2 | M: 1; F: 0 | M: 1; F: 2 |
| Ideal Ne relative to autosomes | 1/4 | 1 | 1/4 | 3/4 |
| Recombination | None | In both sexes | Nonec | In F onlyc |
Note.— M = male; F = female; Ne = effective population size.
a
Paternal transmission of the Y chromosome is limited to male offspring.
b
Paternal transmission of the X chromosome is limited to female offspring.
c
Recombination does occur between the X and Y chromosomes in males but is limited to two small pseudoautosomal regions at the Y-chromosomal telomeres.