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. 2026 Jan 14;31:269. doi: 10.1186/s40001-026-03889-w

Table 2.

Logistic regression analysis of the association between ALBI score with CVD–CKD comorbidity

Exposure variable Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
OR (95% CI) P value OR (95% CI) P value OR (95% CI) P value
ALBI 8.08 (6.24 ~ 10.45)  < .001*** 3.74 (2.63 ~ 5.30)  < .001*** 5.38 (3.84 ~ 7.54)  < .001***
ALBI group
 Q1 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference)
 Q2 1.33 (0.90 ~ 1.96) 0.153 0.85 (0.57 ~ 1.26) 0.407 1.04 (0.71 ~ 1.51) 0.841
 Q3 2.91 (2.07 ~ 4.10)  < .001*** 1.57 (1.09 ~ 2.26) 0.016* 2.10 (1.49 ~ 2.95)  < .001***
 Q4 5.29 (3.88 ~ 7.22)  < .001*** 2.26 (1.64 ~ 3.10)  < .001*** 3.31 (2.47 ~ 4.42)  < .001***
P for trend  < .001***  < .001***  < .001***

Model 1: Crude

Model 2: Adjust: Age, Sex, Race/ethnicity, Education, Family income to poverty ratio, BMI

Model 3: Adjust: Age, Sex, Race/ethnicity, Education, Family income to poverty ratio, BMI, Hypertension, Drinking status, Smoking status

Significance: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001