Table 1.
Causes of death classified in broad disease categories++ in Entity Axis and Record Axis, USA 2003–2023 (when there was more than one ICD code listed in the last line of Part I in the Entity Axis, we used the one listed last).
| Entity Axis | Record Axis | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disease | Underlying (i.e. lowest line of Part I) (% change) | Contributing | Only | Any | Underlying | Contributing | Only+ | Any# |
| Circulatory | 17,793,268 | 13,582,667 | 7,521,247 | 31,375,935 | 17,796,602 (0%) | 13,510,161 | 7,678,693 | 31,306,763 |
| Cancer | 11,214,012 | 2,817,512 | 5,476,807 | 14,031,524 | 12,576,466 (12%) | 1,435,404 | 5,482,941 | 14,011,870 |
| Other Natural | 12,386,337 | 17,171,701 | 4,603,744 | 29,558,038 | 10,708,481 (−14%) | 18,124,458 | 4,662,437 | 28,832,939 |
| Respiratory | 5,978,426 | 9,277,447 | 1,295,638 | 15,255,873 | 5,303,862 (−11%) | 9,896,044 | 1,295,750 | 15,199,906 |
| Endocrine * | 2,209,113 | 7,136,922 | 124,334 | 9,346,035 | 2,560,585 (16%) | 6,780,460 | 156,081 | 9,341,045 |
| Digestive | 1,675,880 | 2,692,069 | 346,111 | 4,367,949 | 1,731,012 (3%) | 2,394,730 | 346,257 | 4,125,742 |
| COVID-19 | 522,512 | 647,301 | 58,211 | 1,169,813 | 1,004,208 (92%) | 165,605 | 58,208 | 1,169,813 |
| Drug Poisoning | 1,130,962 | 342,169 | 701,529 | 1,473,131 | 1,229,766 (9%) | 241,136 | 701,531 | 1,470,902 |
| Transport | 637,778 | 296,760 | 852 | 934,538 | 915,055 (43%) | 19,491 | 853 | 934,546 |
| Suicide | 609,437 | 155,860 | 662 | 765,297 | 762,109 (25%) | 3,190 | 662 | 765,299 |
| Alcohol-related | 686,868 | 669,287 | 102,929 | 1,356,155 | 676,440 (−2%) | 679,715 | 155,262 | 1,356,155 |
| Other External | 1,451,348 | 3,420,721 | 269,514 | 4,872,069 | 671,615 (−54%) | 4,197,101 | 269,509 | 4,868,716 |
| Falls | 386,291 | 427,221 | 161 | 813,512 | 654,100 (69%) | 159,415 | 161 | 813,515 |
| Homicide | 304,599 | 96,049 | 275 | 400,648 | 396,530 (30%) | 4,118 | 275 | 400,648 |
| Uncertain | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 518 | 0 | 518 |
| Total | 56,986,831 | 58,733,686 | 20,502,014 | 115,720,517 | 56,986,831 | 57,611,546 | 20,808,620 | 114,598,377 |
++
The mapping of the ICD-10 codes onto broad disease categories is given in Table S9.
+
Only means that there only one broad category cause of death for the particular axis. There are 309,574 death certificates with more than a single unique broad cause of disease for the record or the entity axis when the other axis has only a single cause. For the vast majority of certificates (308,090), it is the Entity Axis that has multiple causes.
#
Any means that we code all broad disease categories.
*
endocrine, nutritional and metabolic