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. 2026 Jan 19;16:5715. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36276-w

Table 1.

Comparison results of advantages and disadvantages.

Method Detection accuracy Detection cost Detection adaptability Detection depth Detection speed Automation level (low=high score)
Ultrasonic testing 9 4 6 9 5 5
Magnetic particle Testing 8 7 7 3 7 6
Eddy current testing 7 6 8 4 9 8
Visual inspection 6 9 5 2 8 9