. 2026 Jan 7;10:44. doi: 10.1038/s41538-025-00691-6

Table 1.

Changes of muscle quality of silver carp during transportation

Transportation time	3 h	6 h	12 h	24 h
Proximate composition
Moisture/%	80.45 ± 0.24^a	80.56 ± 0.23^a	80.80 ± 0.22^a	80.92 ± 0.15^a
Crude protein/%	18.68 ± 0.26^a	18.29 ± 0.02^a	17.85 ± 0.22^b	17.70 ± 0.26^b
Crude lipid/%	2.63 ± 0.29^a	2.56 ± 0.21^a	2.49 ± 0.28^a	2.08 ± 0.29^a
Ash/%	1.11 ± 0.04^a	1.13 ± 0.05^a	1.16 ± 0.08^a	1.19 ± 0.07^a
Lactic acid and muscle glycogen
pH	7.11 ± 0.07^a	6.98 ± 0.08^b	6.78 ± 0.09^c	6.66 ± 0.10^d
LD /(mmol/g protein)	0.057 ± 0.004^d	0.082 ± 0.010^c	0.097 ± 0.007^b	0.131 ± 0.006^a
GLY/(mg/g)	0.77 ± 0.05^a	0.42 ± 0.03^b	0.36 ± 0.02^c	0.32 ± 0.03^c
Physical properties
Shear force	412.40 ± 14.62^a	379.30 ± 12.35^b	359.10 ± 12.95^c	333.10 ± 11.99^d
L*	48.11 ± 1.48^a	45.52 ± 0.79^b	43.56 ± 0.78^c	41.02 ± 0.56^d
a*	−0.20 ± 0.13^c	0.37 ± 0.30^ab	0.47 ± 0.17^a	0.26 ± 0.24^b
b*	−1.83 ± 0.85^a	−2.53 ± 0.72^bc	−2.11 ± 0.64^ab	−2.83 ± 0.41^c
W	48.07 ± 1.46^a	45.45 ± 0.79^b	43.52 ± 0.78^c	40.95 ± 0.57^d
WHC	81.00 ± 1.87^a	77.73 ± 1.32^b	74.20 ± 2.98^c	70.87 ± 2.17^d
ATP and its related metabolites
ADP/(mg/100 g)	11.58 ± 0.87^a	9.68 ± 0.65^b	9.11 ± 0.16^bc	8.51 ± 0.53^c
AMP/(mg/100 g)	17.40 ± 0.80^a	15.16 ± 0.56^b	11.88 ± 0.38^c	9.46 ± 0.59^d
IMP/(mg/100 g)	265.10 ± 0.41^d	280.43 ± 1.04^c	291.67 ± 1.17^b	300.43 ± 1.46^a
HxR/(mg/100 g)	88.70 ± 1.01^c	111.09 ± 0.37^a	102.49 ± 0.73^b	85.36 ± 0.79^d
Hx/(mg/100 g)	9.59 ± 0.62^bc	9.20 ± 0.89^c	10.40 ± 0.98^b	11.52 ± 0.40^a
Total amount/(mg/100 g)	392.36 ± 3.61^c	425.55 ± 3.33^a	425.55 ± 3.32^a	415.27 ± 3.67^b

LD lactic acid, GLY glycogen, WHC water holding capacity, L* lightness, a* redness, b* yellowness, W whiteness, ADP 5’-adenosine diphosphate, AMP 5’-adenosine monophosphate, IMP Inosine 5’-monophosphate, HxR inosine, Hx hypoxanthine. Different superscript lowercase letters in the same row indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).