Table 1.
General data of 302 patients on MHD
| Characteristic | Without PH and HVC (n = 138) | With PH or HVC (n = 121) | With PH and HVC (n = 43) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 66 (56.0, 75.0) | 60 (49.5, 71.0)a | 57 (45.0, 71.0)a |
| Male/female ratio | 75/63 | 62/59 | 25/18 |
| Age of initial dialysis, years | 57.3 (43.5, 69.3) | 62.0 (50.5, 71.2) | 62.7 (55.3, 71.3) |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 148±22 | 149±25 | 157±27a |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 77±15 | 75±18 | 74±16 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.5±3.0 | 21.3±3.1 | 20.9±3.0 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 40 (29.0) | 44 (36.4) | 18 (41.9) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 130 (94.2) | 109 (90.1) | 40 (90.3) |
| Causes of CKD, n (%) | |||
| Primary glomerular diseases | 52 (37.7) | 29 (24.0) | 9 (20.9) |
| Hypertensive nephrosclerosis | 35 (25.4) | 34 (28.1) | 12 (27.9) |
| Diabetes nephropathy | 28 (20.3) | 34 (28.1) | 15 (34.9) |
| Obstructive nephropathy | 6 (4.3) | 15 (12.4) | 5 (11.6) |
| Others | 17 (12.3) | 9 (7.4) | 2 (4.7) |
| Previous history of CVD, n (%) | 42 (30.4) | 33 (27.3) | 16 (37.2) |
| Angina pectoris | 15 (10.9) | 10 (8.3) | 6 (14.0) |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 3 (2.2) | 2 (1.7) | 2 (4.7) |
| Cerebral infarction | 19 (13.8) | 10 (8.3) | 9 (20.9) |
| Cerebral hemorrhage | 5 (3.6) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (4.7) |
| Sudden death | 2 (1.4) | 1 (1.8) | 0 |
| Acute heart failure | 10 (7.2) | 12 (9.9) | 4 (9.3) |
| Severe arrhythmia | 4 (2.9) | 5 (4.1) | 3 (7.0) |
| Transient ischemic attack | 2 (1.4) | 3 (2.4) | 1 (2.3) |
| Charlson rating (≥1), n (%) | 41 (29.7) | 44 (36.4) | 19 (44.2) |
| 1 | 28 (20.2) | 23 (19.0) | 14 (32.6) |
| 2 | 9 (6.5) | 12 (9.9) | 5 (11.6) |
| ≥3 | 4 (2.9) | 9 (7.4) | 0 |
| Valve reg. mod-severe, n (%) | 13 (9.4) | 48 (40.0)a | 25 (58.1)a,b |
| LVEF, % | 65±7 | 61±13a | 62.1±13 |
| Vascular access for AVF, n (%) | 105 (76.1) | 110 (90.9)a | 39 (90.7)a |
| UFR, mL/kg/h | 10.9±4.9 | 11.1±4.4 | 11.2±3.9 |
| Antihypertensive drug use, n (%) | |||
| Calcium antagonists | 88 (63.8) | 82 (67.8) | 31 (72.1) |
| ACEI or ARB | 59 (42.8) | 62 (51.2) | 22 (51.2) |
| ACEI and ARB | 13 (9.4) | 7 (5.8) | 4 (9.3) |
| Beta-blocker | 77 (55.8) | 62 (51.2) | 23 (53.5) |
| Alpha receptor blocker | 46 (33.3) | 48 (40.0) | 23 (53.5) |
BP, blood pressure; valve reg. mod-severe, moderate-to-severe valvular regurgitation; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; AVF, arteriovenous fistula; UFR, ultrafiltration rate; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker.
a p < 0.05 compared to 0-risk factor group.
b p < 0.05 compared to 1-risk factor group.