TABLE 2.
Frequently reported outcomes.
| Study author, year | Mortality | Adverse events | Length of stay | Handoff duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alolayan 2017 | Reported in run chart; no p-value reported | |||
| Atkinson 2015 | Handoff associated adverse event: 1 pre vs. 0 post, no p-value reported | |||
| Clanton 2017 | Mortality (per 100 admissions): 4.3 focused vs. 3.8 formal, p = .392 | Any adverse event (per 100 admissions): 17.5 focused vs. 15.9 formal, p = 0.118 | LOS (days): 5.88 focused vs. 5.50 formal, p = 0.024 | Duration of handoff (min): 6.7 focused vs. 20.6 formal, p < 0.001 |
| Dean 2018 | LOS (days): 10.21 pre vs. 8.67 days post, p = 0.0356 | |||
| Fryman 2017 | Adverse events: χ2 4.8, p = 0.04 | |||
| Gagnier 2016 | Any adverse events: 59.7% pre versus 51.7% post | Hospital stay in mean days: 3.33 pre vs. 2.85 post | ||
| Gibbons 2016 | Length of stay: 13.0 days pre vs. 5.4 days post, p < 0.05 | |||
| Graham 2013 | Adverse events: IRR 0 (0, 3.11), p = 0.41 | |||
| Huth 2016 | Handoff duration: Decreased by 1.7 min (p = 0.38) | |||
| Lee 1996 | LOS (days): 4.6 control vs. 5 intervention, no p-value reported | |||
| Lo 2016 | Median total handoff time (min): 84 pre vs. 61 post, p < 0.001 | |||
| Mueller 2016 | Total Medical Errors: Decreased, IRR 0.49 (0.42–0.58), p < 0.001 | |||
| Nabors 2015 | Duration of sign out (minutes): 25.5 min pre vs. 22.7 post, p = 0.0338 | |||
| Patel 2014 | Mortality rate: 16.5% pre vs. 12.5% post, no p-value reported | |||
| Pennell 2017 | Handoff Duration (minutes): 17 pre vs. 23 post, p = 0.041 | |||
| Petersen 1998 | Preventable adverse event: 1.71% pre vs. 1.23% post, no p-value reported | |||
| Raval 2015 | Serious safety events: 3 pre vs. 0 post, p = 0.08 | |||
| Schouten 2015 | Death: 0 control vs. 0 intervention, p = 1.00 | Total adverse events per 100 admissions: 3.61 control vs. 4.40 intervention, p = .59% admissions with adverse event: 2.6% control vs. 3.2% intervention, p = 0.64 | Hospital LOS (median hours): 66.5 control versus 70.3 intervention, p = 0.30 | |
| Singh 2019 | Mean daily rate of nonlethal adverse events: 0.54 pre vs. 0.28 post, p = 0.10 | |||
| Skelton 2019 | Adverse incidents: 21 pre vS. 12 post, p = 0.29 | |||
| Starmer 2013 | Preventable adverse events per 100 admissions: 3.3 pre vs. 1.5 post (p = 0.04) | |||
| Starmer 2014 | Preventable adverse events: 261 pre vs. 173 post, p < 0.001 | Duration of oral handoffs (minutes per pt): 2.4 pre versus 2.5 post, p = 0.55 | ||
| Tam 2018 | In-hospital mortality rate (RR): 0.93 [0.63,1.39], p = 0.73 | Preventable adverse events (RR): 0.52 [0.09,3.10], p = 0.47 | ||
| Telem 2011 | Sentinel events - major morbidity/mortality errors: 1 overall, not significant | |||
| VanEaton 2010 | Adverse drug events (OR): 1.1, p = 0.7 | |||
| Wolfe 2018 | Length of stay: 6 days pre vs. 4.9 days post, p < 0.0001 | |||
| Wolinska 2021 | Length of handoff in minutes: 20 pre vs. 25 post, p < 0.01 |