Table 3.
Cardiovascular disease risk factors in British women aged 60-79 related to adult social class. Values are age adjusted mean or prevalence (95% confidence interval)
| Risk factor
|
Adult social class
|
Difference (95% CI) per increase in social class grade*
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I (n=305)
|
II (n=769)
|
III non-manual (n=612)
|
III manual (n=954)
|
IV (n=481)
|
V (n=323)
|
|||
| Adjusted for age | Adjusted for age and childhood social class | |||||||
| Insulin resistance (homoeostasis model assessment)† | 1.58 (1.46 to 1.70) |
1.61 (1.54 to 1.69) |
1.64 (1.55 to 1.73) |
1.70 (1.63 to 1.78) |
1.73 (1.63 to 1.85) |
1.72 (1.60 to 1.86) |
0.003 (0.001 to 0.005) |
0.002 (−0.001 to 0.004) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 146.9 (144.2 to 149.6) |
147.2 (145.5 to 148.9) |
147.9 (145.9 to 149.8) |
146.6 (145.1 to 148.2) |
149.0 (146.7 to 151.2) |
146.1 (144.4 to 149.8) |
0.02 (−0.06 to 0.10) |
0.02 (−0.06 to 0.10) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 80.3 (79.0 to 81.6) |
79.3 (78.5 to 80.1) |
79.4 (78.5 to 80.4) |
79.5 (78.7 to 80.2) |
79.2 (78.1 to 80.3) |
78.8 (77.5 to 80.2) |
−0.02 (−0.06 to 0.01) |
−0.02 (−0.06 to 0.02) |
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.10 (3.98 to 4.23) |
4.23 (4.15 to 4.31) |
4.14 (4.05 to 4.23) |
4.12 (4.05 to 4.20) |
4.21 (4.10 to 4.31) |
4.22 (4.09 to 4.34) |
0.001 (−0.003 to 0.005) |
0.001 (−0.003 to 0.004) |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.75 (1.70 to 1.80) |
1.72 (1.69 to 1.76) |
1.68 (1.65 to 1.72) |
1.60 (1.57 to 1.63) |
1.57 (1.53 to 1.62) |
1.61 (1.56 to 1.67) |
−0.005 (−0.006 to −0.003) |
−0.004 (−0.006 to −0.003) |
| Triglycerides† | 1.60 (1.52 to 1.69) |
1.61 (1.55 to 1.66) |
1.60 (1.54 to 1.66) |
1.71 (1.66 to 1.77) |
1.72 (1.65 to 1.80) |
1.72 (1.63 to 1.81) |
0.002 (0.001 to 0.004) |
0.002 (0.001 to 0.004) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.1 (26.6 to 27.7) |
27.0 (26.6 to 27.3) |
27.3 (26.9 to 27.7) |
27.8 (27.5 to 28.2) |
28.2 (27.7 to 28.7) |
28.0 (27.5 to 28.6) |
0.04 (0.02 to 0.05) |
0.03 (0.01 to 0.05) |
| Waist:hip ratio | 0.816 (0.809 to 0.824) |
0.812 (0.807 to 0.817) |
0.814 (0.808 to 0.820) |
0.819 (0.815 to 0.824) |
0.824 (0.818 to 0.831) |
0.827 (0.819 to 0.835) |
0.001 (0.000 to 0.002) |
0.001 (0.000 to 0.002) |
| Ever smoked (%) | 36.2 (31.0 to 41.7) |
41.0 (37.6 to 44.5) |
42.6 (38.7 to 46.5) |
44.5 (41.4 to 47.7) |
42.8 (38.5 to 47.3) |
48.9 (43.5 to 54.4) |
1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) |
1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) |
| Current smoker (%) | 6.7 (4.4 to 10.1) |
9.3 (7.5 to 11.6) |
9.1 (7.1 to 11.6) |
11.8 (9.9 to 14.0) |
10.8 (8.3 to 13.9) |
11.2 (8.2 to 15.1) |
1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) |
1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) |
| Heavy alcohol intake (%) | 3.3 (1.8 to 6.0) |
3.5 (2.4 to 5.1) |
2.1 (1.2 to 3.6) |
2.1 (1.4 to 3.3) |
1.3 (0.6 to 2.8) |
1.6 (0.7 to 3.8) |
0.98 (0.97 to 1.00) |
0.98 (0.96 to 1.00) |
*
Difference: age (and childhood social class) adjusted regression coefficient per increase in social class grade for continuous variables and odds ratios per increase in social class grade for categorical variables.
†
Geometric means and logged values in difference per increase in social class grade.