Table 1.
Characteristics of studies that evaluated the effect of melatonin supplementation on blood glycemic indices
| Author, Year | Location | Design | Gender | Duration (week) | Enrolment, n | Intervention(n) | Control (n) | Age, mean |
Type of intervention | Type of placebo | Dose (mg/d) |
Population | BMI (Kg/m2) mean |
BaselineFBS (mg/dl) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seabra et al. [52] | Brazil | RP | M:40 | 4 | 40 | 30 | 10 | Total: 29 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (Powder) | 10 | Healthy | NA | 88.3 |
| Gonciarz et al. [50] | Poland | RP | F: 13, M:18 | 4 | 31 | 16 | 15 | IN: 42.1, CL:40.5 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (Powder) | 10 | NASH | 28.6 | 89.27 |
| Gonciarz et al. [50] | Poland | RP | F:16, M:26 | 12 | 42 | 30 | 12 | IN: 41.5, CL:40.8 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (Powder) | 10 | NASH | NA | 80.15 |
| Grieco et al. [29] | USA |
RC Wash out: 6 weeks) |
F:10, M:4 | 6 | 14 | 7 | 7 | IN:52.5, CL:52.5 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (white flour) | 10 | T2DM | NA | 141.98 |
| Goyal, A. et al. [2013] | USA |
RC2A Wash out: 6 weeks) |
F:22, M:17 | 10 | 39 | 39 | 38 | IN:62.7, CL:57.6 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (lactose powder) | 8 | MetS | 34.6 | 102.2 |
| Romo-Nava, F. [53] | Mexico | RP | F:22, M:22 | 8 | 44 | 20 | 24 | IN:30.6, CL:28.6 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (Powder) | 5 | bipolar disorder and schizophrenia | 26.1 | 88.8 |
| Modabbernia, A. et al. [30] | Iran | RP | F: 11, M:25 | 8 | 36 | 18 | 18 | IN:32.7, CL:32.8 | Tablet (Melatonin) | Tablet (Powder) | 3 | Schizophrenia | 23.9 | 85.4 |
| Amstrup, A. K. et al. [46] | Denmark | RP | F: 72 | 48 | 72 | 37 | 35 | IN: 62.4, CL:62.9 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (Powder) | 2 | postmenopausal women | 23.6 | 96.55 |
| D’Anna, R. et al. [54] | Italy | RP | F:32 | 24 | 32 | 16 | 16 | IN:49.1, CL:48.7 | Capsule (Melatonin + myoinositol) | Capsule (myoinositol) | 3 | postmenopausal women | 26.7 | NA |
| Raygan, F. et al. [2017] | Iran | RP | F:33, M:27 | 12 | 60 | 30 | 30 | IN:67.7, CL:65.3 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (Powder) | 10 | T2DM with CHD | 30.4 | 170.9 |
| Agahi, M. et al. [32] | Iran | RP | F:49, M:51 | 8 | 100 | 50 | 50 | IN:37.4, CL:37.46 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (Powder) | 3 | Schizophrenia | 25.1 | NA |
| Ghaderi, A. et al. [33] | Iran | RP | M:54 | 12 | 54 | 26 | 28 | IN:42.5, CL:42.7 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (Powder) | 10 | patients under methadone maintenance treatment | 24.8 | 95.1 |
| Shabani, A. et al. [34] | Iran | RP | F:58 | 12 | 58 | 29 | 29 | IN:26.5, CL:26 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (Powder) | 10 | PCOS | 27.1 | 94.9 |
| Farrokhian, A. et al. [35] | Iran | RP | F:33, M:37 | 9 | 70 | 34 | 36 | IN:57.74, CL:57.61 | Tablet (Melatonin) | Tablet (Powder) | 6 | T2DM | 29.33 | 151.09 |
| Bahrami, M. et al. [36] | Iran | RP | F:24, M:46 | 12 | 70 | 36 | 34 | IN:42.5, CL:42.6 | Tablet (Melatonin) | Tablet (Powder) | 6 | MetS | 31 | 105.7 |
| Bahrami, M. et al. [37] | Iran | RP | F:14, M:31 | 12 | 45 | 24 | 21 | IN: 44, CL:37.71 | Tablet (Melatonin) | Tablet (Powder) | 6 | NAFLD | 29.46 | 103.25 |
| Daneshvar Kakhaki, R. et al. [38] | Iran | RP | F:19, M:32 | 12 | 51 | 25 | 26 | IN:64.4, CL:66.3 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (Powder) | 10 | Parkinson’s Disease | 25.1 | 100.6 |
| Abood, S. J. et al. [55] | Iraq | RP | F:35 | 12 | 35 | 20 | 15 | IN:45.8, CL:48.07 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (lactose powder) | 10 | MetS | 40.24 | 125.4 |
| Ostadmohammadi, V. et al. [39] | Iran | RP | F:15, M:38 | 12 | 53 | 26 | 27 | IN:65.6, CL:64.1 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (Powder) | 10 | T2DM Hemodialysis | 26.4 | 127.1 |
| Anton, D. M. et al. [56] | Romania | RP | F:21, M:29 | 8 | 50 | 25 | 25 | IN:53.24, CL:52.21 | Tablet (Melatonin) | Tablet (Powder) | 3 | T2DM | NA | > 126 |
| Bazyar, H. et al. [40] | Iran | RP | F:34, M:16 | 8 | 50 | 25 | 25 | IN:53.64, CL:51.52 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (Powder) | 3 | T2DM | 27.38 | 172.04 |
| Esalatmanesh, K. et al. [41] | Iran | RP | F:51, M:13 | 12 | 64 | 32 | 32 | IN:49.31, CL:49.44 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (Powder) | 3 | Rheumatoid arthritis | 27.29 | 106.19 |
| Satari, M. et al. [42] | Iran | RP | F:19, M:27 | 12 | 46 | 22 | 24 | IN:66.9, CL:64.3 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (Powder) | 10 | T2DM nephropathy | 28.8 | 138 |
| Alizadeh, M. et al. [43] (i) | Iran | RP3A | F:41 | 8 | 41 | 21 | 20 | IN:25.57, CL:26.2 | Tablet (Melatonin) | Tablet (Powder) | 6 | PCOS | 28.4 | 82.47 |
| Alizadeh, M. et al. [43] (ii) | Iran | RP3A | F:42 | 8 | 42 | 21 | 21 | IN:25.57, CL:25.57 | Tablet (Melatonin) | Tablet (magnesium oxide) | 6 | PCOS | 28.4 | 82.47 |
| Kim, Y. et al. [57] | Korea | RP | F:38 | 6 | 38 | 19 | 19 | IN:61, CL:61 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (Powder) | 2 | Insomnia | 24.9 | 98 |
| Lauritzen, E. S. et al. [47] | Denmark | RP | M:17 | 12 | 17 | 9 | 8 | IN:65, CL:62 | Capsule (Melatonin) | Capsule (Powder) | 10 | T2DM | 29 | 139.09 |
| Bazyar, H. et al. [44] | Iran | RP | F:22, M:22 | 8 | 44 | 22 | 22 | IN:53.72, CL:53.3 | Tablet (Melatonin) | Tablet (Powder) | 6 | T2DM | 27.21 | 173.59 |
| de Sousa, C. A. R. et al. [48] | Denmark |
RC Wash out: NA) |
F:46 | 12 | 46 | 23 | 23 | Total: 37.1 | Tablet (Melatonin) | Tablet (Powder) | 3 | Healthy night shift workers | 29.9 | 89.7 |
| Hannemann, J. et al. [58] | Germany | RP | F:11, M:13 | 12 | 24 | 12 | 12 | IN:38.3, CL:34.8 | Tablet (Melatonin) | Tablet (Powder) | 2 | Healthy night shift workers | 26.1 | 87.1 |
| Alamdari, Naimeh Mesri. et al. [45] | Iran | RP | F:44 | 6 | 44 | 22 | 22 | IN:33.86, CL:34.86 | Tablet (Melatonin) | Tablet (Powder) | 6 | Obese women | > 30 | 98.17 |
RP: Randomized Parallel design, RC: Randomized crossover design, RC2A: Randomized crossover two-armed design RP2/3A: Randomized Parallel two/three-armed design, BMI: Body Mass Index, F: Female, M: Male, NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, MetS: Metabolic Syndrome, CHD: Coronary Heart Disease, PCOS: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, FBS: fasting blood sugar