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. 2026 Jan 30;18(3):462. doi: 10.3390/cancers18030462
ABCB1 ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (P-glycoprotein)
ABL2 Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 2
AGO Argonaute protein
AKT protein kinase B
ALEX1 armadillo repeat-containing protein X-linked 1
AML acute myeloid leukaemia
AUC area under the curve
CAF cancer-associated fibroblast
CAFs cancer-associated fibroblasts
CCL20 C-C motif chemokine ligand 20
CCL22 C-C motif chemokine ligand 22
CCL5 C-C motif chemokine ligand 5
Cdks cyclin-dependent kinases
CI confidence interval
CIN chromosomal instability
CLL chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
CRISPR clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
CSC cancer stem cell
Ct cycle threshold
CXCL8 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (interleukin-8)
DDP cisplatin
DFS disease-free survival
DGCR8 DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8
DICER endoribonuclease Dicer
DROSHA Drosha ribonuclease III
ECM extracellular matrix
EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition
EMT-TFs Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Transcription Factors
FAM3C family with sequence similarity 3 member C
GAS5 growth arrest-specific 5
GC gastric cancer
GLOBOCAN Global Cancer Observatory (Global Cancer Statistics database)
GOT1 glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1
GS genomically stable
H. pylori Helicobacter pylori
HGF hepatocyte growth factor
HIF-1α hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
IFN-γ interferon gamma
IGF insulin-like growth factor
IL-17A interleukin-17A
IL-1β interleukin-1 beta
IL-6 interleukin-6
IL-8 interleukin-8
ILEI interleukin-like EMT inducer
JAK/STAT Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway
JAK2/STAT3 Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription
JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase
lncRNA long non-coding RNA
MALT mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase
MAPK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1
MET mesenchymal-epithelial transition
MIF macrophage migration inhibitory factor
miRNA microRNA
MMPs matrix metalloproteinases
mRNA messenger RNA
MSI microsatellite instability
mTOR mechanistic target of rapamycin
ncRNA non-coding RNA
NET neutrophil extracellular trap
NK natural killer (cell)
NKG2D natural killer group 2D receptor
NLR neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
NTN4 netrin-4
PD-1 programmed cell death protein 1
PD-L1 programmed death-ligand 1
PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PLR platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio
pre-miRNA precursor microRNA
pri-miRNA primary microRNA transcript
PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog
qRT-PCR quantitative reverse transcription PCR
RISC RNA-induced silencing complex
sens sensitivity
SNAI2 Snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (Slug)
spec specificity
TAM tumor-associated macrophage
TAN tumor-associated neutrophil
TCGA The Cancer Genome Atlas
TGF-β transforming growth factor beta
TNF tumor necrosis factor
TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha
TNM tumor-node-metastasis (staging system)
Treg regulatory T cell
UTR untranslated region
VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
VEGF-C vascular endothelial growth factor C
WGS whole-genome sequencing
WT wild-type