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. 2026 Feb 5;15(3):299. doi: 10.3390/cells15030299
Acan Aggrecan
ADAMTS A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs
AKT Protein kinase B
AMP Adenosine monophosphate
AMPK AMP-Activated protein kinase
ASIC Acid-sensing ion channels
bFGF Basic fibroblast growth factor
BRD4 Bromodomain-containing protein 4
Ca2+ Calcium
CALCA Calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha
CaMKII Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
CaMKK Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase
cGAS Cyclic GMP–AMP synthase
CGRP Calcitonin gene–related peptide
Cl− Chloride
Col10a1 Collagen type X alpha 1 chain
Col2a1 Collagen type II alpha 1
COX-2 Cyclooxygenase-2
CXCL C-X-C motif chemokine ligand
DMF Dimethyl fumarate
DMM Destabilized medial meniscus
DRG Dorsal root ganglia
ECM Extracellular matrix
ELP2 Elongation protein 2
ER Endoplasmic reticulum
ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
FLS Fibroblast-like synoviocytes
GLYAT Glycine N-acyltransferase
GPX4 Glutathione Peroxidase 4
GSK3β Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
HIF-α Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Alpha
IKK IκB kinase
IκB Inhibitor of nuclear factor κB
JAK/STAT Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription
JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase
K+ Potassium
LC3B Light chain 3B
LIF Leukemia inhibitory factors
LPS Lipopolysaccharide
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MIA Monosodium iodoacetate
MMPs Metalloproteinases
MMT Medial meniscus radial transection
mTOR Mammalian target of rapamycin
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NGF Nerve growth factor
NLRP3 Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich–containing family, pyrin domain–containing 3
NO Nitric oxide
Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
OA Osteoarthritis
OARSI Osteoarthritis research society international
p16INK4a p16 inhibitor of kinase 4a
PGE2 Prostaglandin E2
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PIEZO1 Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1
PRG4 Proteoglycan 4
RANKL Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa-B Ligand
ROS Reactive oxygen species
Runx2 Runt-related transcription factor 2
SA-β-gal Senescence-associated β-galactosidase
SF Synovial fibroblasts
sGAG Sulfated glycosaminoglycan
SLC7A11 Solute carrier family 7 member 11
Sox9 SRY-box transcription factor 9
STING Stimulator of interferon genes
TAC1 Tachykinin Precursor 1
TrkA Tropomyosin receptor kinase A
TRP Transient receptor potential
TRPA TRP Ankyrin
TRPC TRP Canonical
TRPML TRP Mucolipin
TRPM TRP Melastatin
TRPN TRP No-mechano-potential
TRPP TRP Polycystin
TRPV TRP Vanilloid
VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor