| AMR | Antimicrobial Resistance |
| BAVS | Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee |
| BLASTp | Basic Local Alignment Search Tool of Protein |
| E. coli | Escherichia coli |
| ExPEC | Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli |
| LB | Luria–Bertani broth |
| NCBI | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| MDR | Multidrug-Resistant |
| OD | Optical density |
| ORFs | Open Reading Frames |
| SEM | Scanning Electron Microscope. |
| TEM | Transmission Electron Microscopy |