4WJ	four-way junction
BNPP	bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate
CD	Circular Dichroism
CN	Coordination Number
CPL	Circularly Polarized Fluorescence
CRISPR	Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
DPIA	3-(3,5-dicarboxyphenyl) isonicotinic acid
EF-hand motif	Helix-loop-helix structural motifs that coordinate metal ions
FRET	Fluorescence resonance energy transfer
FWHM	Full-width at half maximum
G4	G-quadruplex
LanM	lanmodulin
LBT	Engineered lanthanide-binding tag
LNP	Lanthanide-based Nanoparticles
MOF	Metal–Organic Framework
MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging
NIR	Near-Infrared
NTA	nitrilotriacetic acid
POM	polyoxometalate
RCA	Rolling-Circle Amplification
RGD	Arg-Gly-Asp
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
SOD	Superoxide Dismutase
ssDNA	Single-stranded DNA
TGL	Time-Gated Luminescence