| GDM | Gestational diabetes mellitus |
| ScRNA-seq | Single-cell RNA sequencing |
| OGTT | Oral glucose tolerance test |
| Sst | Somatostatin |
| DOHaD | Developmental Origins of Health and Disease |
| T2D | Type 2 diabetes |
| PGDM | Pregestational diabetes mellitus |
| NC | Normal control |
| E0.5 | Embryonic day 0.5 |
| P0 | Postnatal day 0 |
| IF | Immunofluorescence |
| TEM | Transmission electron microscope |
| FBS | Fetal bovine serum |
| KRB | Krebs Ringer Bicarbonate |
| AA | Amino acid |
| MtDNA | Mitochondrial DNA |
| ΔΨm | Mitochondrial membrane potential |
| AUC | Area under the blood glucose curve |
| HOMA-IR | Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance |
| Gcg | Glucagon |
| Ins | Insulin |
| GLP-1 | Glucagon-like peptide-1 |