| APS | Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng saponins |
| EAAs | Essential amino acids |
| AUC | Area under the curve |
| CAT | Cationic amino acid |
| BUN | Blood urea nitrogen |
| AST | Aspartate aminotransferase |
| ALT | Alanine aminotransferase |
| MPS | Muscle protein synthesis |
| BCAAs | Branched-chain amino acids |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| mTOR | Mammalian target of the rapamycin |
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