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. 2026 Jan 30;16:1727445. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1727445

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Copyright © 2026 Huang, Tang, Cao, Li and Zhu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Pedigree chart depicting family relationships and disease occurrences. Symbols represent individuals: circles for females, squares for males. Shaded or half-shaded symbols indicate affected individuals with labels like CRC (colorectal cancer) and GBM (glioblastoma), followed by ages such as 36 and 38 years. Lines connect family members, showing generational relationships. — Genealogy of the family. Circles indicate represented to females, squares indicate males, the diagnosis and current age are below the symbols. CRC, colorectal cancer (symbols with filled right upper quadrant); GBM, glioblastoma (symbols with filled left upper quadrant); CC, colon cancer (symbols with blanked left lower quadrant).