. 2026 Jan 30;17:1709044. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1709044

TABLE 2.

Principal characteristics of RCTs included in the meta-analysis.

study (year)	Age (years)	C	Sample size	Tumor responses criteria	Stage	Intervention		Cinobufacini dose	Duration (cycles)	Outcome measures
study (year)	T	C	(T/C)	Tumor responses criteria	Stage	T	C	Cinobufacini dose	Duration (cycles)	Outcome measures
Zhou, 2023	57.89 ± 6.12	58.47 ± 6.25	43/43	RECIST	III,IV	XELOX + CC	XELOX	0.5g-tid-po	2	①②⑤
Cheng, 2023	53.42 ± 7.34	52.63 ± 7.21	31/31	NA	IIIB,IV	FOLFOXIRI + CC	FOLFOXIRI	0.5g-tid-po	6	③④
Song, 2022	61.98 ± 5.77	62.15 ± 5.87	50/50	RECIST	III,IV	FOLFOX + CC	FOLFOX	0.5g-bid-po	4	①②③④⑤
Zhang, 2021	53.36 ± 7.43	53.41 ± 7.46	36/36	RECIST	III,IV	XELOX + CC	XELOX	0.5g-tid-po	2	①②⑤
Yang, 2021	58.30 ± 7.89	59.61 ± 7.93	31/31	RECIST	III,IV	XELOX + CC	XELOX	0.5g-tid-po	6	①②③⑤
Zhong, 2019	62-82	64-78	44/42	RECIST	III,IV	XELOX + CC	XELOX	0.75g-tid-po	2	①②⑤
Sha, 2018	42-70	43-72	41/41	NA	III,IV	PTX + OX + CC	PTX + OX	0.5g-tid-po	2	③④
Dong, 2017	58. 6 ± 7. 4	60.2 ± 6.8	38/38	Unclear	III,IV	XELOX + CC	XELOX	0.5g-tid-po	4	①②⑤
Shi, 2017	35. 57 ± 2. 35	35.42 ± 4. 8	34/34	RECIST	III	FOLFOX + CC	FOLFOX	0.6g-bid-po	4	①②⑤
Lu, 2014	38–75	36–73	30/30	RECIST	III,IV	FOLFOX + CC	FOLFOX	0.5g-tid-po	2	①②⑤
Wang, 2023	58.14 ± 7.31	57.89 ± 7.03	40/40	WHO	IIIB,IV	XELOX + CC	XELOX	0.5g-tid-po	4	①②③④
Fang, 2021	68.72 ± 3.21	68.80 ± 3.19	60/60	RECIST	IIIB,IV	XELOX + CC	XELOX	0.5g-tid-po	4	①②③

C: control group, T: treatment group, NA: not available, RECIST: response evaluation criteria in solid tumors, WHO:World Health Organization XELOX: Xeloda + Oxaliplatin, FOLFOXIRI: Leucovorin+5-Fluorouracil + Oxaliplatin + Irinotecan, FOLFOX: Leucovorin+5-Fluorouracil + Oxaliplatin, PTX + OX: Raltitrexed + Oxaliplatin, CC: cinobufacini capsule, Outcome measures: ①: DCR, ②: ORR, ③: Tumor Markers, ④: CD4 T cells, ⑤: Adverse Events.