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. 2026 Jan 23;16:6074. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35680-6

Table 2.

Physical and structural properties of the electroless deposition baths B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5.

S. No Bath components / (Bath code) Physical properties Structural Properties
XRD AFM
Rate of deposition (μm/h) Thickness (μm) Size of crystallites (nm) Specific area of surface (m2/g) Roughness (nm)
1 Simple xylitol bath (PB) / (B1) 3.46 207.6 24.07 27.820 155.849
2 Xylitol PB + Tz / (B2) 3.09 185.4 22.22 30.136 112.688
3 Xylitol PB + Tz + MSA / (B3) 3.02 181.2 20.55 32.586 48.597
4 Xylitol PB + Tz + MSA + TzDTC / (B4) 2.76 165.6 20.47 32.713 38.447
5 Xylitol PB + Tz + MSA + TzDTC + CS / (B5) 2.68 160.8 20.17 33.199 18.997