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. 2026 Feb 12;35(3):66. doi: 10.1007/s11136-026-04172-5

Table 2.

Sociodemographic information

Sociodemographic information Quantitative study participants Interview participants All participants (n = 572)
General population (n = 546) Pediatric patients^ (n = 12) Pediatric patients^ (n = 14)
Age in years
Mean [SD] 12.9 [2.8] 11.8 [3.2] 11.5 [2.6] 12.9 [2.8]
Range 8–18 8–18 8–17 8–18
Sex count % count % count % count %
Male 284 52 5 42 9 64 298 52
Female 261 48 7 58 5 36 273 48
Different / Prefer not to say 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Country of birth
Netherlands 533 98 12 100 14 100 559 98
Other 13 2 0 0 0 0 13 2
Current educational level*
Primary 185 34 7 62 9 64 201 35
Secondary 301 55 5 35 4 29 310 54
Tertiary 53 10 0 0 0 0 53 9
Other 7 1 0 0 1 7 8 1

* Primary education: foundational stage of formal learning for basic skills, typically from around age five to twelve. Secondary education: advanced general education around ages 12–18. Tertiary education: higher education (universities, colleges) and vocational education

^ Pediatric patients were treated by different healthcare teams within the Emma Children’s Hospital: follow-up neonatology, follow-up intensive care, cleft care, endocrinology, kidney transplantation, rheumatology, connective tissue disorders, hematology, ulcerative colitis, sickle cell disease, and gastroenterology