Table 2.
Mean health utility (%; 95% CI) and disutility days by chronic diseases status and sociodemographic characteristics, 18 years and over, Queensland, Australia
| Cohort | Group | Measure | COPD | CHD | Diabetes | Stroke | Cancer | Renal disease | CCI ≥ 1 | CCI ≥ 2 | None of the listed chronic disease (Reference) | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | All | Mean utility score | 0.780 (0.759–0.800) p < 0.01 | 0.850 (0.840–0.860) p < 0.01 | 0.832 (0.818–0.845) p < 0.01 | 0.817 (0.784–0.848) p < 0.01 | 0.883 (0.873–0.893) p < 0.01 | 0.792 (0.762–0.820) p < 0.01 | 0.860 (0.854–0.867) p < 0.01 | 0.842 (0.833–0.850) p < 0.01 | 0.936 (0.933–0.938) | 0.917 (0.915–0.920) |
| Disutility days | 80.4 (73.1, 88.0) | 54.8 (51.2, 58.5) | 61.4 (56.7, 66.3) | 66.7 (55.3, 78.8) | 42.7 (39.1, 46.4) | 75.9 (65.8, 86.9) | 51.0 (48.7, 53.3) | 57.8 (54.6, 61.0) | 23.5 (22.7, 24.3) | 30.2 (29.4, 31.0) | ||
| Sex | Males | Mean utility score | 0.801 (0.774–0.827) p < 0.01 | 0.863 (0.851–0.874) p < 0.01 | 0.848 (0.831–0.865) p < 0.01 | 0.845 (0.810–0.878) p < 0.01 | 0.888 (0.875–0.900) p < 0.01 | 0.802 (0.760–0.839) p < 0.01 | 0.873 (0.865–0.881) p < 0.01 | 0.856 (0.844–0.867) p < 0.01 | 0.941 (0.938–0.944) | 0.925 (0.922–0.928) |
| Disutility days | 72.6 (63.2, 82.3) | 50.2 (46.0, 54.5) | 55.4 (49.4, 61.7) | 56.4 (44.4, 69.4) | 41.0 (36.4, 45.7) | 72.5 (58.7, 87.7) | 46.4 (43.5, 49.4) | 52.7 (48.6, 57.0) | 21.5 (20.5, 22.6) | 27.3 (26.3, 28.4) | ||
| Females | Mean utility score | 0.758 (0.726–0.789) p < 0.01 | 0.833 (0.816–0.850) p < 0.01 | 0.811 (0.790–0.832) p < 0.01 | 0.781 (0.722–0.835) p < 0.01 | 0.878 (0.862–0.893) p < 0.01 | 0.781 (0.738–0.821) p < 0.01 | 0.849 (0.839–0.858) p < 0.01 | 0.827 (0.813–0.840) p < 0.01 | 0.930 (0.927–0.934) | 0.910 (0.906–0.913) | |
| Disutility days | 88.5 (77.2, 99.8) | 60.8 (54.8, 67.3) | 68.9 (61.5, 76.7) | 80.1 (60.4, 101.3) | 44.5 (38.9, 50.4) | 79.9 (65.2, 95.7) | 55.2 (51.8, 58.6) | 63.3 (58.4, 68.2) | 25.5 (24.2, 26.7) | 33.0 (31.8, 34.3) | ||
| Age | 18–49 years | Mean utility score | 0.805 (0.716–0.884) p < 0.01 | 0.854 (0.819–0.885) p < 0.01 | 0.849 (0.808–0.885) p < 0.01 | 0.938 (0.894–0.970) p = 0.69 | 0.906 (0.878–0.931) p < 0.01 | 0.868 (0.689–0.966) p = 0.35 | 0.880 (0.867–0.892) p < 0.01 | 0.863 (0.836–0.887) p < 0.01 | 0.941 (0.938–0.943) | 0.933 (0.930–0.936) |
| Disutility days | 71.4 (42.3, 103.8) | 53.2 (41.9, 66.0) | 55.1 (41.8, 70.2) | 22.5 (10.8, 38.8) | 34.2 (25.2, 44.5) | 48.1 (12.3, 113.5) | 43.8 (39.3, 48.6) | 50.0 (41.2, 59.9) | 21.7 (20.7, 22.7) | 24.4 (23.4, 25.5) | ||
| 50–64 years | Mean utility score | 0.725 (0.675–0.771) p < 0.01 | 0.853 (0.833–0.872) p < 0.01 | 0.824 (0.796–0.849) p < 0.01 | 0.734 (0.658–0.803) p < 0.01 | 0.887 (0.867–0.905) p < 0.01 | 0.791 (0.728–0.847) p < 0.01 | 0.846 (0.832–0.859) p < 0.01 | 0.830 (0.811–0.847) p < 0.01 | 0.928 (0.923–0.933) | 0.905 (0.900–0.910) | |
| Disutility days | 100.4 (83.5, 118.6) | 53.7 (46.8, 60.9) | 64.4 (55.3, 74.3) | 97.0 (71.9, 124.8) | 41.2 (34.6, 48.6) | 76.3 (55.7, 99.3) | 56.2 (51.5, 61.2) | 62.2 (55.7, 69.1) | 26.2 (24.5, 28.0) | 34.5 (32.7, 36.4) | ||
| 65–79 years | Mean utility score | 0.795 (0.766–0.821) p < 0.01 | 0.854 (0.840–0.868) p < 0.01 | 0.831 (0.813–0.849) p < 0.01 | 0.816 (0.766–0.862) p < 0.01 | 0.883 (0.869–0.896) p < 0.01 | 0.767 (0.722–0.808) p < 0.01 | 0.861 (0.852–0.870) p < 0.01 | 0.843 (0.831–0.855) p < 0.01 | 0.926 (0.920–0.932) | 0.895 (0.889–0.900) | |
| Disutility days | 75.0 (65.4, 85.3) | 53.2 (48.2, 58.4) | 61.5 (55.2, 68.3) | 67.0 (50.5, 85.3) | 42.6 (37.9, 47.7) | 85.1 (70.2, 101.6) | 50.8 (47.6, 54.1) | 57.2 (52.8, 61.7) | 26.9 (24.6, 29.3) | 38.4 (36.5, 40.4) | ||
| 80 + years | Mean utility score | 0.795 (0.753–0.837) p < 0.01 | 0.829 (0.803–0.854) p < 0.01 | 0.830 (0.794–0.864) p < 0.01 | 0.871 (0.825–0.910) p = 0.06 | 0.852 (0.817–0.885) p = 0.06 | 0.808 (0.763–0.850) p < 0.01 | 0.845 (0.827–0.863) p < 0.01 | 0.839 (0.817–0.860) p < 0.01 | 0.906 (0.887–0.922) | 0.868 (0.855–0.881) | |
| Disutility days | 74.7 (59.5, 90.3) | 62.3 (53.3, 72.0) | 61.9 (49.6, 75.3) | 47.0 (32.9, 63.8) | 53.8 (42.1, 66.8) | 70.1 (54.9, 86.5) | 56.5 (50.0, 63.3) | 58.7 (51.2, 66.7) | 34.5 (28.4, 41.3) | 48.0 (43.5, 52.9) | ||
| Employment status | Employed/student | Mean utility score | 0.883 (0.850–0.913) p < 0.01 | 0.910 (0.899–0.920) p < 0.01 | 0.897 (0.878–0.914) p < 0.01 | 0.891 (0.855–0.921) p < 0.01 | 0.930 (0.920–0.939) p < 0.01 | 0.838 (0.734–0.914) p < 0.01 | 0.911 (0.904–0.918) p < 0.01 | 0.904 (0.892–0.915) p < 0.01 | 0.947 (0.944–0.949) | 0.941 (0.939–0.943) |
| Disutility days | 42.6 (31.9, 54.9) | 32.9 (29.2, 36.8) | 37.5 (31.5, 44.4) | 40.0 (28.7, 52.8) | 25.6 (22.2, 29.3) | 59.2 (31.4, 97.2) | 32.4 (30.0, 35.0) | 35.0 (31.1, 39.5) | 19.5 (18.7, 20.3) | 21.6 (20.8, 22.4) | ||
| Retired | Mean utility score | 0.800 (0.776–0.824) p < 0.01 | 0.846 (0.833–0.860) p < 0.01 | 0.836 (0.818–0.852) p < 0.01 | 0.845 (0.809–0.876) p < 0.01 | 0.879 (0.865–0.892) p < 0.01 | 0.793 (0.760–0.824) p < 0.01 | 0.857 (0.848–0.865) p < 0.01 | 0.843 (0.831–0.854) p < 0.01 | 0.922 (0.916–0.928) | 0.890 (0.884–0.895) | |
| Disutility days | 72.9 (64.3, 81.9) | 56.1 (51.1, 61.1) | 60.0 (54.1, 66.3) | 56.6 (45.2, 69.7) | 44.1 (39.3, 49.3) | 75.5 (64.3, 87.7) | 52.2 (49.1, 55.4) | 57.5 (53.3, 61.7) | 28.4 (26.2, 30.8) | 40.3 (38.4, 42.2) | ||
| Home duties/carer | Mean utility score | 0.772 (0.695–0.844) p < 0.01 | 0.841 (0.800–0.880) p < 0.01 | 0.802 (0.740–0.860) p < 0.01 | 0.765 (0.561–0.943) p = 0.57 | 0.874 (0.826–0.916) p = 0.09 | 0.769 (0.659–0.870) p < 0.01 | 0.834 (0.805–0.861) p < 0.01 | 0.824 (0.783–0.862) p < 0.01 | 0.917 (0.904–0.929) | 0.892 (0.879–0.904) | |
| Disutility days | 83.2 (56.9, 111.3) | 57.9 (43.9, 73.1) | 72.4 (51.2, 94.9) | 85.9 (20.7, 160.3) | 45.9 (30.7, 63.6) | 84.3 (47.6, 124.6) | 60.7 (50.7, 71.4) | 64.3 (50.5, 79.1) | 30.3 (26.0, 34.9) | 39.5 (35.2, 44.2) | ||
| Unemployed/unable to work | Mean utility score | 0.551 (0.481–0.617) p < 0.01 | 0.632 (0.583–0.680) p < 0.01 | 0.643 (0.589–0.695) p < 0.01 | 0.605 (0.486–0.720) p < 0.01 | 0.691 (0.628–0.749) p < 0.01 | 0.735 (0.637–0.816) p = 0.13 | 0.650 (0.618–0.681) p < 0.01 | 0.652 (0.613–0.690) p < 0.01 | 0.810 (0.790–0.829) | 0.749 (0.731–0.766) | |
| Disutility days | 163.9 (139.7, 189.3) | 134.2 (116.6, 152.2) | 130.3 (111.3, 150.2) | 144.3 (102.0, 187.7) | 112.9 (91.7, 135.7) | 96.9 (67.3, 132.6) | 127.8 (116.6, 139.3) | 127.1 (113.2, 141.4) | 69.4 (62.4, 76.6) | 91.6 (85.4, 98.1) | ||
| Socioeconomic status | Most disadvantaged | Mean utility score | 0.774 (0.741–0.805) p < 0.01 | 0.825 (0.805–0.844) p < 0.01 | 0.802 (0.777–0.826) p < 0.01 | 0.834 (0.787–0.875) p < 0.01 | 0.869 (0.847–0.889) p < 0.01 | 0.773 (0.718–0.824) p < 0.01 | 0.833 (0.820–0.846) p < 0.01 | 0.813 (0.795–0.830) p < 0.01 | 0.917 (0.911–0.923) | 0.891 (0.885–0.896) |
| Disutility days | 82.5 (71.0, 94.6) | 63.9 (57.0, 71.1) | 72.3 (63.5, 81.6) | 60.4 (45.5, 77.6) | 47.7 (40.4, 55.7) | 82.9 (64.3, 102.8) | 60.9 (56.3, 65.6) | 68.2 (62.1, 74.6) | 30.3 (28.2, 32.5) | 39.9 (37.8, 42.0) | ||
| Q2 | Mean utility score | 0.769 (0.727–0.808) p < 0.01 | 0.859 (0.841–0.877) p < 0.01 | 0.844 (0.819–0.867) p < 0.01 | 0.837 (0.782–0.884) p < 0.01 | 0.878 (0.855–0.898) p < 0.01 | 0.806 (0.747–0.856) p < 0.01 | 0.865 (0.853–0.876) p < 0.01 | 0.845 (0.828–0.861) p < 0.01 | 0.929 (0.924–0.934) | 0.912 (0.907–0.916) | |
| Disutility days | 84.3 (70.1, 99.7) | 51.3 (44.9, 58.2) | 56.9 (48.4, 65.9) | 59.4 (42.4, 79.6) | 44.5 (37.1, 53.0) | 70.9 (52.4, 92.3) | 49.2 (45.2, 53.7) | 56.6 (50.8, 62.7) | 25.9 (24.0, 27.7) | 32.2 (30.5, 34.0) | ||
| Q3 | Mean utility score | 0.805 (0.756–0.849) p < 0.01 | 0.853 (0.829–0.876) p < 0.01 | 0.834 (0.800–0.865) p < 0.01 | 0.792 (0.705–0.870) p < 0.01 | 0.866 (0.840–0.890) p < 0.01 | 0.746 (0.649–0.831) p < 0.01 | 0.862 (0.848–0.876) p < 0.01 | 0.843 (0.822–0.863) p < 0.01 | 0.938 (0.933–0.942) | 0.920 (0.915–0.925) | |
| Disutility days | 71.3 (55.2, 89.1) | 53.5 (45.2, 62.4) | 60.4 (49.2, 72.9) | 75.8 (47.4, 107.7) | 48.9 (40.1, 58.5) | 92.8 (61.5, 128.2) | 50.3 (45.2, 55.5) | 57.2 (49.9, 65.0) | 22.8 (21.1, 24.6) | 29.3 (27.5, 31.2) | ||
| Q4 | Mean utility score | 0.744 (0.672–0.810) p < 0.01 | 0.837 (0.807–0.866) p < 0.01 | 0.824 (0.788–0.857) p < 0.01 | 0.767 (0.670–0.854) p < 0.01 | 0.897 (0.874–0.918) p < 0.01 | 0.799 (0.741–0.851) p < 0.01 | 0.849 (0.832–0.866) p < 0.01 | 0.824 (0.798–0.849) p < 0.01 | 0.940 (0.936–0.945) | 0.922 (0.917–0.927) | |
| Disutility days | 93.6 (69.3, 119.5) | 59.3 (49.0, 70.3) | 64.3 (52.0, 77.5) | 85.0 (53.1, 120.6) | 37.6 (30.1, 46.2) | 73.5 (54.4, 94.5) | 54.9 (48.8, 61.2) | 64.3 (55.0, 73.9) | 21.8 (20.2, 23.5) | 28.5 (26.7, 30.5) | ||
| Most advantaged | Mean utility score | 0.830 (0.777–0.879) p < 0.01 | 0.890 (0.868–0.911) p < 0.01 | 0.878 (0.846–0.908) p < 0.01 | 0.872 (0.818–0.922) p < 0.01 | 0.904 (0.882–0.924) p < 0.01 | 0.855 (0.793–0.908) p < 0.01 | 0.897 (0.883–0.909) p < 0.01 | 0.892 (0.874–0.908) p < 0.01 | 0.948 (0.943–0.952) | 0.937 (0.933–0.942) | |
| Disutility days | 62.0 (44.1, 81.5) | 40.1 (32.6, 48.3) | 44.4 (33.5, 56.3) | 46.6 (28.6, 66.3) | 35.1 (27.8, 43.1) | 53.0 (33.4, 75.7) | 37.7 (33.1, 42.6) | 39.6 (33.6, 45.9) | 19.1 (17.6, 20.8) | 22.8 (21.3, 24.5) | ||
| Remoteness | Major cities | Mean utility score | 0.776 (0.742–0.808) p < 0.01 | 0.852 (0.837–0.867) p < 0.01 | 0.832 (0.811–0.851) p < 0.01 | 0.802 (0.755–0.847) p < 0.01 | 0.881 (0.865–0.895) p < 0.01 | 0.777 (0.732–0.817) p < 0.01 | 0.863 (0.854–0.872) p < 0.01 | 0.843 (0.829–0.855) p < 0.01 | 0.938 (0.935–0.941) | 0.921 (0.918–0.925) |
| Disutility days | 81.8 (70.1, 94.1) | 54.0 (48.6, 59.7) | 61.5 (54.3, 68.9) | 72.1 (55.8, 89.3) | 43.5 (38.2, 49.2) | 81.6 (66.7, 97.7) | 50.1 (46.8, 53.4) | 57.4 (52.8, 62.2) | 22.6 (21.5, 23.7) | 28.7 (27.6, 29.8) | ||
| Inner regional | Mean utility score | 0.770 (0.737–0.803) p < 0.01 | 0.840 (0.823–0.857) p < 0.01 | 0.811 (0.786–0.836) p < 0.01 | 0.814 (0.750–0.867) p < 0.01 | 0.881 (0.865–0.897) p < 0.01 | 0.811 (0.767–0.852) p < 0.01 | 0.846 (0.835–0.857) p < 0.01 | 0.831 (0.816–0.845) p < 0.01 | 0.928 (0.923–0.932) | 0.904 (0.899–0.909) | |
| Disutility days | 83.9 (72.0, 95.9) | 58.3 (52.3, 64.5) | 68.9 (60.0, 78.2) | 67.8 (48.7, 91.3) | 43.3 (37.6, 49.4) | 68.9 (54.0, 85.2) | 56.1 (52.1, 60.3) | 61.8 (56.6, 67.3) | 26.4 (24.7, 28.1) | 35.0 (33.3, 36.7) | ||
| Outer regional | Mean utility score | 0.807 (0.765–0.845) p < 0.01 | 0.857 (0.834–0.877) p < 0.01 | 0.862 (0.838–0.883) p < 0.01 | 0.871 (0.822–0.911) p < 0.01 | 0.887 (0.866–0.906) p < 0.01 | 0.842 (0.792–0.884) p < 0.01 | 0.868 (0.855–0.880) p < 0.01 | 0.849 (0.831–0.866) p < 0.01 | 0.933 (0.928–0.937) | 0.915 (0.910–0.920) | |
| Disutility days | 70.6 (56.6, 85.9) | 52.1 (44.8, 60.6) | 50.4 (42.7, 59.0) | 47.2 (32.5, 64.9) | 41.3 (34.2, 49.0) | 57.8 (42.3, 75.8) | 48.2 (43.8, 52.8) | 55.1 (48.7, 61.8) | 24.5 (23.0, 26.1) | 31.0 (29.3, 32.7) | ||
| Remote | Mean utility score | 0.788 (0.712–0.853) p < 0.01 | 0.851 (0.809–0.888) p < 0.01 | 0.841 (0.796–0.882) p < 0.01 | 0.865 (0.726–0.941) p = 0.55 | 0.914 (0.885–0.940) p = 0.05 | 0.745 (0.594–0.865) p = 0.01 | 0.881 (0.859–0.900) p < 0.01 | 0.854 (0.818–0.886) p < 0.01 | 0.942 (0.934–0.948) | 0.925 (0.917–0.932) | |
| Disutility days | 77.5 (53.5, 105.2) | 54.5 (41.0, 69.7) | 57.9 (43.2, 74.6) | 49.3 (21.4, 100.0) | 31.3 (22.0, 42.1) | 93.1 (49.4, 148.2) | 43.6 (36.6, 51.5) | 53.1 (41.5, 66.3) | 21.3 (18.8, 24.0) | 27.3 (24.7, 30.1) | ||
| Very remote | Mean utility score | 0.797 (0.687–0.892) p < 0.01 | 0.864 (0.818–0.904) p < 0.01 | 0.864 (0.808–0.909) p < 0.01 | 0.877 (0.803–0.937) p = 0.01 | 0.913 (0.873–0.944) p = 0.04 | 0.807 (0.658–0.906) p = 0.07 | 0.888 (0.862–0.911) p < 0.01 | 0.888 (0.852–0.917) p < 0.01 | 0.948 (0.938–0.956) | 0.931 (0.921–0.940) | |
| Disutility days | 74.2 (39.5, 114.4) | 49.7 (35.2, 66.2) | 49.8 (33.2, 70.0) | 45.0 (23.2, 71.7) | 31.6 (20.6, 46.3) | 70.4 (34.2, 125.0) | 40.8 (32.4, 50.3) | 41.0 (30.4, 53.9) | 19.1 (16.1, 22.5) | 25.3 (21.9, 28.9) |
Excludes records with invalid or unknown response
COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHD, Coronary heart disease; CCI: Charlson comorbidity index
Age was not used for CCI calculation
Reference group for Wilcoxon test was the ‘None of the listed chronic disease’ group