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. 2026 Jan 22;16:5998. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36327-2

Table 12.

Heterogeneity of corporate profitability.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
M1 M2 M3 M11 M21 M31
DDD 0.274 * 0.243 * 0.305 * * 0.185 0.144 0.179
[0.1415] [0.1380] [0.1443] [0.1179] [0.1168] [0.1181]
SI 0.00868*** 0.00689***
[0.0007] [0.0005]
CI 0.00540*** 0.00193***
[0.0006] [0.0006]
DD 0.284*** 0.282*** 0.263*** 0.126 * * 0.132 * * 0.122 * *
[0.0597] [0.0595] [0.0589] [0.0615] [0.0615] [0.0614]
treat −0.0646 −0.0780 −0.115 0.0124 0.00773 0.00546
[0.1328] [0.1295] [0.1359] [0.1095] [0.1082] [0.1098]
treat 0.145 * * 0.126 * * 0.125 * * −0.0194 −0.00853 −0.0146
[0.0569] [0.0568] [0.0561] [0.0583] [0.0583] [0.0582]
group 0.0570 0.126*** 0.0227 0.171*** 0.103*** 0.175***
[0.0385] [0.0385] [0.0389] [0.0321] [0.0322] [0.0321]
LnAssets 0.504*** 0.473*** 0.521*** 0.471*** 0.445*** 0.473***
Leverage [0.0179] [0.0182] [0.0180] [0.0169] [0.0170] [0.0169]
0.204 * 0.149 0.188 * 0.00552 −0.0363 0.0127
[0.1115] [0.1104] [0.1106] [0.0683] [0.0682] [0.0683]
ROA 0.943 * 0.973 * 0.897 * 0.158 0.132 0.190
[0.5089] [0.5026] [0.4991] [0.1482] [0.1488] [0.1485]
ROE −0.145 −0.0325 −0.173 −0.000495 −0.00683 −0.000251
[0.2465] [0.2437] [0.2373] [0.0111] [0.0110] [0.0108]
Cash 0.452 * * 0.518 * * 0.349 * 0.313 * * 0.370 * * 0.278 *
[0.2118] [0.2066] [0.2085] [0.1560] [0.1550] [0.1567]
Growth −0.00000315*** −0.00000464*** −0.00000317*** 0.00636*** 0.00720***

0.00619

***

[0.0000] [0.0000] [0.0000] [0.0019] [0.0017] [0.0020]
BM 0.188*** 0.180*** 0.181*** 0.0628*** 0.0575*** 0.0608***
[0.0196] [0.0192] [0.0194] [0.0171] [0.0168] [0.0171]
Q 0.0134*** 0.0188*** 0.0115*** 0.0117*** 0.0140*** 0.0108***
[0.0039] [0.0041] [0.0039] [0.0026] [0.0033] [0.0024]
LnAge 0.215*** 0.200*** 0.213*** 0.107*** 0.0787 * * 0.105***
[0.0419] [0.0414] [0.0416] [0.0361] [0.0359] [0.0361]
SOE 0.129*** 0.111*** 0.148*** 0.114*** 0.113*** 0.120***
[0.0347] [0.0345] [0.0342] [0.0284] [0.0282] [0.0284]
_cons 9.418*** 8.520*** 9.959*** 9.115*** 8.374*** 9.232***
[0.3847] [0.3935] [0.3883] [0.3674] [0.3719] [0.3697]

(1) M1: The effect of carbon trading policy on green technology innovation in high-margin enterprises.

(2) M2: The mediating role of SI (Supplier concentration) in high-margin firms.

(3) M3: Mediating role of CI (customer concentration) in high margin firms.

(4) M11: Effect of carbon trading policies on green technology innovation in low-margin firms.

(5) M21: The mediating role of SI (Supplier concentration) in low-margin firms.

(6) M31: Mediating role of CI (customer concentration) in low-margin firms.