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. 2026 Jan 22;16:5998. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36327-2

Table 5.

Scrambled time distribution regression.

(1) (2)
preGP GP
DDD 0.0149 0.0944
[0.1286] [0.1006]
DD 0.372*** 0.218***
[0.0432] [0.0420]
treat 0.316 * 0.142
[0.1233] [0.0967]
treat 0.222*** 0.118 * *
[0.0421] [0.0408]
group 0.0755*** −0.0375
[0.0221] [0.0208]
LnAssets 0.484***
[0.0105]
Leverage −0.0237
[0.0465]
ROA −0.194
[0.1136]
ROE 0.0148
[0.0147]
Cash 0.402***
[0.1020]
Growth - 0.00000364
[0.0000]
BM 0.126***
[0.0109]
Q 0.0135***
[0.0024]
LnAge 0.180***
[0.0229]
SOE 0.157***
[0.0181]
_cons 0.806*** 9.168***
[0.0128] [0.2237]

(1) PreGP: the regression result of GP as the dependent variable without control variable after the time distribution is disrupted.

(2) GP: After the time distribution is disrupted, GP is added to the regression result of the control variable as the dependent variable.