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. 2026 Jan 22;16:5998. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36327-2

Table 8.

Sobel test for CI.

Coef Std Err Z P>|Z|
Sobel 0.31822197 0.14606435 2.179 0.02935825
Goodman-1 (Aroian) 0.31822197 0.14689346 2.166 0.0302848
Goodman-2 0.31822197 0.1452305 2.191 0.02844086
a coefficient 0.225582 0.100531 2.24391 0.024838
b coefficient 1.41067 0.155028 9.09946 0
Indirect effect 0.318222 0.146064 2.17864 0.029358
Direct effect −1.29353 1.91843 −0.674268 0.500141
Total effect −0.975311 1.92328 −0.507108 0.612079
Proportion of total effect that is mediated: − 0.32627741
Ratio of indirect to direct effect: − 0.24600993
Ratio of total to direct effect: 0.75399007