Table 2.
Intraoperative techniques and complications stratified by 30-day mortality.
| Intraoperative techniques and complications | Alive (N = 7,452) | Death (N = 76) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intraoperative period | |||
| Area, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Operating room | 7,029 (94.3) | 63 (82.9) | |
| Remote area | 423 (5.7) | 13 (17.1) | |
| Duration of anesthetic time, median (IQR) | 130 (75, 210) | 115 (78.8, 205) | 0.514 |
| Invasive monitor, n (%) | 1,284 (17.2) | 43 (56.6) | <0.001 |
| Arterial line, n (%) | 1,275 (17.1) | 43 (56.6) | <0.001 |
| Central line, n (%) | 213 (2.9) | 20 (26.3) | <0.001 |
| Endotracheal tube, n (%) | 4,493 (60.3) | 70 (92.1) | <0.001 |
| Laryngeal mask airway, n (%) | 74 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.773 |
| Tracheostomy tube, n (%) | 137 (1.8) | 4 (5.3) | 0.077 |
| Intraoperative inotrope, n (%) | 1,214 (16.3) | 46 (60.5) | <0.001 |
| Adrenaline, n (%) | 26 (0.3) | 12 (15.8) | <0.001 |
| Dopamine, n (%) | 15 (0.2) | 7 (9.2) | <0.001 |
| Levophed, n (%) | 1,203 (16.1) | 45 (59.2) | <0.001 |
| Intraoperative hypotension, n (%) | 3,613 (48.5) | 53 (69.7) | <0.001 |
| Intraoperative tachycardia, n (%) | 1,227 (16.5) | 26 (34.2) | <0.001 |
| Intraoperative hyperglycemia, DTX > 180 mg/dL | 169 (2.3) | 9 (11.8) | <0.001 |
| Duration of surgery, median (IQR) | 90 (50, 165) | 82.5 (50, 180) | 0.883 |
| Estimated blood loss, median (IQR) | 50 (5, 300) | 50 (10, 300) | 0.404 |
| Intraoperative cardiac arrest, n (%) | 7 (0.1) | 4 (5.3) | <0.001 |
| Phase of arrest, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Induction | 3 (0) | 2 (2.6) | |
| Anesthetic course | 4 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Transport to recovery room | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | |
| Postoperative period | |||
| Postoperative 24 h | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | |
| EKG in arrest, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Asystole | 2 (0) | 2 (2.6) | |
| PEA | 3 (0) | 1 (1.3) | |
| VF/VT | 2 (0) | 1 (1.3) | |
| Cause of arrest, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Bleeding | 4 (0.1) | 2 (2.6) | |
| Cardiac | 2 (0) | 1 (1.3) | |
| Hypoxia | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | |
| Other | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Intraoperative death, n (%) | 4 (0.1) | 1 (1.3) | 0.044 |
IQR, interquartile range; N2O, nitrous oxide; DTX, dextrostrix; EKG, electrocardiogram; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia.