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. 2026 Jan 30;16:1680752. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1680752

Table 3.

Simple slopes at different organizational support levels.

Outcome Sample OS level β SE 95%CI t
Learning motivation Student Low (−1 SD) 0.38 0.05 [0.28,0.48] 7.60***
High (+1 SD) 0.58 0.05 [0.48,0.68] 11.60***
Self-efficacy Student Low (−1 SD) 0.41 0.05 [0.31,0.51] 8.20***
High (+1 SD) 0.55 0.05 [0.45,0.65] 11.00***
Student behavior Student Low (−1 SD) 0.35 0.05 [0.25,0.45] 7.00***
High (+1 SD) 0.49 0.05 [0.39,0.59] 9.80***
Professional identity Teacher Low (−1 SD) 0.32 0.06 [0.20,0.44] 5.33***
High (+1 SD) 0.56 0.06 [0.44,0.68] 9.33***
Teaching efficacy Teacher Low (−1 SD) 0.36 0.06 [0.24,0.48] 6.00***
High (+1 SD) 0.54 0.06 [0.42,0.66] 9.00***
Teacher behavior Teacher Low (−1 SD) 0.31 0.06 [0.19,0.43] 5.17***
High (+1 SD) 0.45 0.06 [0.33,0.57] 7.50***

OS, Organizational support; β = standardized coefficient of goal-setting on outcome at specified level; Low = Mean – 1 SD; High = Mean + 1 SD. ***p < 0.001.