Table 2.
Subgroup analysis by assessment type.
| Assessment type | Model | k | g [95% CI] | Z | p | Q | I2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assignment | Fixed effect | 10 | 0.368 [0.257, 0.479] | 6.514 | < 0.001 | 8.423 | 0 |
| Random effects | 10 | 0.368 [0.257, 0.479] | 6.514 | < 0.001 | |||
| Exam | Fixed effect | 16 | 0.214 [0.187, 0.242] | 15.272 | < 0.001 | 219.1 | 93.154 |
| Random effects | 16 | 0.253 [0.116, 0.390] | 3.612 | < 0.001 | |||
| Test for subgroup differences | χ2 = 1.710, df = 1, p = 0.191 | ||||||
k, number of studies; g, Hedges’ g; CI, confidence interval. The test for subgroup differences is not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Bold values denote statistically significant pooled effect sizes at the 0.05 level.