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. 2026 Jan 30;13:1721101. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1721101

Table 2.

Single-model and ensemble performance on the test set.

Model Accuracy Precision Recall Specificity F1-Score ROC-AUC PR-AUC Brier score
Logistic Regression 0.8777 0.4833 0.9062 0.874 0.6304 0.9486 0.7417 0.1014
Random Forest 0.9209 0.6786 0.5938 0.9634 0.6333 0.9512 0.6422 0.0592
XGBoost 0.9137 0.6053 0.7188 0.939 0.6571 0.951 0.6327 0.069
LightGBM 0.9209 0.625 0.7812 0.939 0.6944 0.9605 0.6769 0.0596
Gradient Boosting 0.9137 0.625 0.625 0.9512 0.625 0.947 0.653 0.0613
SVM 0.9029 0.549 0.875 0.9065 0.6747 0.9416 0.5441 0.0662
Neural Network 0.8993 0.8333 0.1562 0.9959 0.2632 0.8706 0.6457 0.0698
AdaBoost 0.9209 0.6316 0.75 0.9431 0.6857 0.8982 0.7367 0.2252
Ensemble (Voting) 0.9317 0.6757 0.7812 0.9512 0.7246 0.9599 0.6927 0.0571