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. 2026 Jan 30;17:1717632. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1717632

Table 2.

Spearman’s correlations between teacher victimization, psychological well-being, and critical thinking variables.

Correlations Spearman’s rho p Effect size (Fisher’s z) Covariance
Physical TV – Flourishing −0.094** 0.002 −0.094 −0.022
Physical TV – Positive emotions −0.111*** < 0.001 −0.112 −0.025
Physical TV – Negative emotions 0.164*** < 0.001 0.166 0.044
Physical TV – Critical openness 0.053 0.086 0.053 0.005
Physical TV – Reflective scepticism 0.057 0.065 0.057 <0.001
Physical TV – Interpretation 0.038 0.215 0.038 0.006
Physical TV – Analysis 0.038 0.216 0.038 0.014
Physical TV – Evaluation 0.055 0.074 0.055 0.017
Physical TV – Drawing conclusions 0.044 0.159 0.044 0.022
Physical TV – Explanation 0.040 0.194 0.040 0.022
Physical TV – Self – regulation 0.040 0.195 0.040 0.021
Social TV – Flourishing −0.193*** < 0.001 −0.196 −0.062
Social TV – Positive emotions −0.223*** < 0.001 −0.227 −0.095
Social TV – Negative emotions 0.297*** < 0.001 0.306 0.141
Social TV – Critical openness −0.061* 0.048 −0.061 0.005
Social TV – Reflective scepticism −0.044 0.153 −0.044 0.010
Social TV – Interpretation −0.001 0.962 −0.001 0.036
Social TV – Analysis −0.005 0.884 −0.005 0.046
Social TV – Evaluation 0.004 0.893 0.004 0.053
Social TV – Drawing conclusions −0.009 0.762 −0.009 0.053
Social TV – Explanation −0.016 0.613 −0.016 0.051
Social TV – Self – regulation −0.022 0.482 −0.022 0.041
Verbal TV – Flourishing −0.227*** < 0.001 −0.231 −0.068
Verbal TV – Positive emotions −0.253*** < 0.001 −0.259 −0.084
Verbal TV – Negative emotions 0.323*** < 0.001 0.335 0.129
Verbal TV – Critical openness −0.064* 0.037 −0.065 <0.001
Verbal TV – Reflective scepticism −0.062* 0.045 −0.062 0.003
Verbal TV – Interpretation −0.012 0.705 −0.012 0.028
Verbal TV – Analysis −0.022 0.482 −0.022 0.035
Verbal TV – Evaluation 0.017 0.593 0.017 0.047
Verbal TV – Drawing conclusions 0.002 0.954 0.002 0.044
Verbal TV – Explanation 0.002 0.947 0.002 0.041
Verbal TV – Self – regulation −0.022 0.476 −0.022 0.030
Cyber TV – Flourishing −0.118*** < 0.001 −0.119 −0.023
Cyber TV – Positive emotions −0.165*** < 0.001 −0.166 −0.018
Cyber TV – Negative emotions 0.201*** < 0.001 0.204 0.042
Cyber TV – Critical openness −0.044 0.154 −0.044 <0.001
Cyber TV – Reflective scepticism −0.023 0.458 −0.023 −0.003
Cyber TV – Interpretation −0.013 0.665 −0.013 −0.001
Cyber TV – Analysis −0.005 0.880 −0.005 0.008
Cyber TV – Evaluation 0.005 0.865 0.005 0.009
Cyber TV – Drawing conclusions 0.020 0.528 0.020 0.017
Cyber TV – Explanation 0.034 0.270 0.034 0.017
Cyber TV – Self – regulation 0.009 0.766 0.009 0.011
Sexual TV – Flourishing −0.127*** < 0.001 −0.128 −0.031
Sexual TV – Positive emotions −0.176*** < 0.001 −0.178 −0.042
Sexual TV – Negative emotions 0.214*** < 0.001 0.218 0.063
Sexual TV – Critical openness −0.010 0.752 −0.010 0.001
Sexual TV – Reflective scepticism 0.011 0.711 0.011 0.004
Sexual TV – Interpretation <0.001 0.978 <0.001 0.007
Sexual TV – Analysis −0.015 0.623 −0.015 0.014
Sexual TV – Evaluation <0.001 0.991 <0.001 0.015
Sexual TV – Drawing conclusions −0.015 0.625 −0.015 0.018
Sexual TV – Explanation −0.007 0.829 −0.007 0.013
Sexual TV – Self – regulation −0.011 0.728 −0.011 0.018
Property TV – Flourishing −0.187*** < 0.001 −0.189 −0.032
Property TV – Positive emotions −0.185*** < 0.001 −0.188 −0.032
Property TV – Negative emotions 0.173*** < 0.001 0.175 0.049
Property TV – Critical openness −0.022 0.474 −0.022 0.002
Property TV – Reflective scepticism −0.026 0.405 −0.026 <0.001
Property TV – Interpretation −0.022 0.478 −0.022 <0.001
Property TV – Analysis −0.031 0.311 −0.031 0.007
Property TV – Evaluation −0.008 0.807 −0.008 0.014
Property TV – Drawing conclusions −0.026 0.398 −0.026 0.010
Property TV – Explanation −0.017 0.585 −0.017 0.013
Property TV – Self – regulation −0.021 0.503 −0.021 0.013
Parental TV – Flourishing −0.102*** < 0.001 −0.102 −0.026
Parental TV – Positive emotions −0.128*** < 0.001 −0.129 −0.039
Parental TV – Negative emotions 0.189*** < 0.001 0.191 0.064
Parental TV – Critical openness −0.025 0.424 −0.025 <0.001
Parental TV – Reflective scepticism −0.030 0.337 −0.030 <0.001
Parental TV – Interpretation 0.013 0.666 0.013 0.009
Parental TV – Analysis 0.025 0.418 0.025 0.020
Parental TV – Evaluation 0.047 0.129 0.047 0.030
Parental TV – Drawing conclusions 0.027 0.377 0.027 0.028
Parental TV – Explanation 0.025 0.420 0.025 0.029
Parental TV – Self – regulation 0.018 0.569 0.018 0.028
Flourishing – Self – regulation 0.337*** < 0.001 0.350 0.216
Positive emotions – Negative emotions −0.635*** < 0.001 −0.749 −0.312
Positive emotions – Critical openness 0.340*** < 0.001 0.355 0.107
Positive emotions – Reflective scepticism 0.305*** < 0.001 0.315 0.106
Positive emotions – Interpretation 0.280*** < 0.001 0.287 0.158
Positive emotions – Analysis 0.272*** < 0.001 0.279 0.170
Positive emotions – Evaluation 0.243*** < 0.001 0.248 0.163
Positive emotions – Drawing conclusions 0.246*** < 0.001 0.251 0.161
Positive emotions – Explanation 0.275*** < 0.001 0.282 0.173
Positive emotions – Self – regulation 0.296*** < 0.001 0.305 0.187
Negative emotions – Critical openness −0.196*** < 0.001 −0.198 −0.058
Negative emotions – Reflective scepticism −0.182*** < 0.001 −0.184 −0.062
Negative emotions – Interpretation −0.110*** < 0.001 −0.111 −0.043
Negative emotions – Analysis −0.126*** < 0.001 −0.127 −0.062
Negative emotions – Evaluation −0.102*** < 0.001 −0.102 −0.050
Negative emotions – Drawing conclusions −0.124*** < 0.001 −0.124 −0.069
Negative emotions – Explanation −0.139*** < 0.001 −0.140 −0.073
Negative emotions – Self – regulation −0.158*** < 0.001 −0.160 −0.092

p < 0.05*, p < 0.01**, p < 0.001***.