Table 2.
Study characteristics
| Author (year) | Design | Conflict of interest | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | Follow-up | Numbers of eyes and patients | Sex | Age |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baldascino et al. (2022) | RCSS | No | NC; CC; No IOD; IOP ≤ 21 mmHg | IOP ≥ 21 mmHg; PSC; PP OT; IOS; AXL > 26 mm; abnormal intraocular findings; glaucoma; RL; SD; poor OCT images; PostOp complications | 1 Wk | 23 eyes (23 patients) | NR | 75.86 ± 8.85 years |
| Nourinia et al. (2023) | PCS | No | CS | IntraOp or PostOp complications; previous IOS; uveitis; MP; IVI; HTN; DM; DR; CKD; SSI < 6 | 3 Mo | 50 eyes (50 patients) |
M: 21 F: 29 |
66.9 ± 7.7 years |
| Jia et al. (2021) | POS | No | Age-related cataracts; Age 60–70 years; AXL ≥ 22 mm and ≤ 24 mm; normal IOP; LOCS-N: 2–3 + | DM; HTN; SVD; IOS; OT; RL; high IOP; glaucoma; RD; PostOp anterior chamber inflammation; CE; SSI < 6; excessive artifacts | 4 Wk | 107 eyes (107 patients) |
M: 45 F: 62 |
63.2 ± 2.7 years |
| Karabulut et al. (2019) | POS | No | NR | MP; ONH pathologies; optic neuropathies; IOP ≥ 21 mmHg; AXL ≤ 20 and ≥ 24 mm; CE; massive cataracts; vasoactive agents use; SD; IOS; SSI ≤ 60 | 4 Wk | 24 eyes (24 patients) |
M: 20 F:4 |
65.4 years (60–70 years) |
| Liu et al. (2021) | PO | No |
IOP ≤ 21 mmHg; no severe cataracts; no fixation; no OD; no SD; no previous IOS |
NR | 3 Mo | 58 eyes (47 patients) |
M:25 F: 25 |
66.26 ± 11.92 years |
| Yu et al. (2018) | POS | No | SSI ≥ 6 | Glaucoma; RD; RL | 1 Wk | 13 eyes (12 patients) |
M: 6% F: 94% |
71.2 ± 10.7 years |
| Zhao et al. (2018) | PCS | No |
NC; CC; no IOD; IOP ≤ 21 mm Hg; AXL (20.00–25.00 mm) |
PSC; PP; OT; IOS; abnormal intraocular findings; poor OCT images; unstable fixation; IntraOp or PostOp complication | 3 Mo | 32 eyes (32 patients) |
M:14 F:18 |
66.25 ± 8.54 years |
| Baldascino et al. (2023) | POMC | No | NC; CC; no IOD; IOP ≤ 21 mmHg | IOP ≥ 21 mmHg; PSC; PP; AXL ≥ 26 mm; aberrant intraocular findings; RL; glaucoma; RD; SD; inflammatory or cardiovascular conditions; SSI ≥ 7 | 1 Mo | 130 eyes (65 patients) |
M: 35 F: 30 |
67.8 ± 10.9 years |
| Tarek et al. (2021) | OCC | No | NR |
RD; glaucoma; uveitis; amblyopia; SD; macular oedema; hard exudates; haemorrhages; SSI ≤ 7/10 |
1 Mo |
G A: DM 30 eyes G B: No DM 30 eyes |
G A: F: 76.60% G B: F: 73.30% |
G A: 57.20 ± 4.09 years G B: 54.50 ± 6.34 years |
| Zhu Z et al. (2023) | PO | No | Age-related cataract | DM; HTN; RD; glaucoma; ONH pathologies; RL; IOS; lack of cooperation for repeated measurements; SII ≤ 6 | 3 Mo | 34 eyes (27 patients) |
M:11 F:16 |
70.6 ± 14.0 years |
| Li et al. (2020) | POS | No | Aged > 50 years | Glaucoma; CD; RVD; previous IOS; OT; pre-existing OD affecting vision; SD | 3 Mo |
G A; (SE) ≤ ‑6.0 D and (AL) ≥ 25 mm 24 eyes (21 patients) G B: SE > ‑6.0 D and AL < 25 mm 31 eyes (23 patients) |
G A: 9 M:9 F: 15 G B: M:11 F: 20 f |
G A: 65.32 ± 6.01 years G B: 67.66 ± 4.59 years |
| Curic et al. (2022) | PS | No |
Senile cataract; OCTA SSI ≥ 30; AXL 20–25 mm; IOP 10–21 mmHg; BP ≥ 90/60 mmHg and ≤ 140/90 mmHg |
DM; CD; PEX; glaucoma; RD that could affect OCT and OCTA measurements; childhood, juvenile and traumatic cataract; IntraOp and /or postOp complications; unregulated HTN | 6 Mo | 95 eyes (95 patients) |
M: 37 F: 58 |
73 years |
| Gawecki et al. (2022) | RS | No |
Consent to participate in the study; history of uncomplicated CS; No RD; SII ≥ 9/10 for OCTA |
CE; PSC; SE ≥ -6D; AXL ≥ 26 mm | 1 year | 44 eyes (17 patients) |
M:10 F: 7 |
NR |
| Yao et al. (2023) | POCCS | No | Age ≥ 40 years; SE < − 6 D; AXL < 26 mm; no OT; no history of IOS; no DME and DR treatment | Glaucoma; uveitis; RD; vitreoretinal interface disorders; RVO; RAO | 3 Mo |
G A: DM: 22 eyes (22 patients) G B: Control: 22 eyes (22 patients) |
G A: M:13 F: 9 G B: M:12 F:10 |
G A: 65.1 ± 1.68 years G B: 65.1 ± 1.68 years |
| Krizanovic et al. (2021) | NR | No |
Uncomplicated senile cataract; cataract PNS (1, 2, or 3); SII > 30; AXL (20–25 mm); IOP (10–21 mmHg); SYS: (90–140 mmHg); DIA (60–90 mmHg) |
CD; PEX; cataract other than uncomplicated senile; glaucoma; AMD; HR; PM; DM; IntraOp and/or PostOp complications; poor SSI |
3 Mo | 55 eyes (55 patients) |
M: 18 F:32 |
70 (65–76) years |
| Yang et al. (2022) | OCS | No | NC; CC; no PP; no IOD; IOP < 21 mmHg | Glaucoma; CD; RVD; previous IOS; SD; PM, VM; OCTA SSI < 6 (total score, 10); PostOp complications; high IOP; macular oedema; RD | 3–6 Mo |
G A: high myopia (AL ≥ 26.5 mm): 20 Patients G B: control (22 < AL ≤ 24.5 mm):18 patients |
G A: M:5 F: 15 G B: M: 2 F:16 |
G A: 56 ± 6.42 years G B: 57.53 ± 8.60 years |
| Feng et al. (2021) | POS | No |
CS (T2DM); IOP (10 mm and 21 mm Hg); AXL (20.0 mm and 26.0 mm) |
PDR; CSDME; anti-VEGF; PRP; OT; IOS; glaucoma; uveitis; OCT SSI < 5; severe cataracts; unstable fixation | 3 Mo |
G A: Diabetics 32 eyes (32 patients) G B: Control 40 eyes (40 patients) |
G A: M: 31.25% G B: M: 32.5% |
G A: 68.31 ± 9.42 years G B: 71.60 ± 6.85 years |
| Svjaščenkova et al. (2023) | PLS | No | Age ≥ 18 years; T2DM | OT; MP | 3 Mo |
G A: DM con DME: 10 eyes G B: DM sin DME: 22 eyes |
G A: M:1 F: 9 G B: M: 5 F: 17 |
G A: 68.00 (63.25–74.50) years G B: 71.00 (64.00–77.00) years |
| Özkan et al. (2022) | PCSS | No | Age (40–70 years); clear ocular media; adequate pupillary dilation; fixation | DM; HTN; IOS; SSI < 6; SE > 3D; AXL (22–24.5 mm); RD; glaucoma; regular medication; smoking | 3 Mo | 53 eyes of 53 patients |
M: 25 F: 28 |
62.1 ± 7.2 years |
| Pilotto et al. (2019) | PCSS | No | Cataract both eyes; SE(− 6 to + 6 D); SSI > 7 | DM; HTA; amblyopia; strabismus; anisometropia > 3D; Dif AXL > 1.5 mm; IOS; uveitis; chronic open-angle glaucoma; RD | 90 Dys | 9 eyes of 9 patients |
M: 6 F:3 |
71 ± 6 years |
| Kim et al. (2024) | POCCS | No | Visually significant cataract | Age < 18; poor SSI; DME; PDR; IOS; AXL > 26.5 mm; IOD; RD; complicate surgery | 6 Mo |
G DM NO DR: 60 eyes of 60 patients G DM DR: 23 eyes of 23 patients |
G NO DR: M: 25 F: 35 G DR: M: 8 F: 15 |
G NO RD: 69.5 ± 8.8 G RD: 69.6 ± 8.7 |
POS prospective observational study, RCSS retrospective cross-sectional study, PCSS prospective cross-sectional study, PCS prospective case series, PO prospective observational, PLS prospective longitudinal study, OCS observational cohort study, POCCS prospective observational case–control study, G group, RS retrospective study, POMC prospective observational monocentric control-group, OCC observational case–control. NR no reported, IOP intraocular pressure, Mo months, M male, F female, Dy day, Wk weeks, SSI signal strength index, NPDR non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, DR diabetic retinopathy, SE spherical equivalent, AXL axial length, PNS pentacam nucleus staging, PDR proliferative diabetic retinopathy, CSDME clinically significant diabetic macular oedema, PRP panretinal photocoagulation, DM diabetes mellitus, DME diabetic macula oedema, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, PP posterior polar cataract, PSC posterior subcapsular cataract, HTN hypertension, IVI intravitreal injection, RD retinal diseases, SD systemic disease, RL retinal laser, NC nuclear cataract, CC cortical cataract, OT ocular trauma, IntraOp intraoperative, PostOp post-operative CKD chronic kidney disease, SVD systemic vascular diseases, ONH optic nerve head, OD ocular diseases, IOD intraocular diseases, CD corneal diseases, PEX pseudoexfoliative syndrome, IOS intraocular surgery, SYS systolic blood pressure DIA diastolic blood pressure, MP macular pathologies, CE corneal oedema, BP blood pressure, RVD retinal vasculature diseases, RVO retinal vein occlusion, RAO retinal artery occlusion, AMD age-related macular degeneration, HR hypertensive retinopathy, PM pathological myopia, VM vascular maculopathy, CS cataract surgery.