Table 3.
Hyperimmune egg antibodies as alternative antimicrobials.
| Antibody | Species | Pathogen/Physiology | Findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multivalent egg yolk IgY | Chicken | Eimeria tenella | ↑ weight and anti-coccidial index, ↓ mortality, coccidial counts, lesions in the cecum, and shedding of the oocytes | (206) |
| Egg yolk antibody (IgY) powder | Layer | E. coli | 150 mg/mL: ↓ proliferation by 1.18 CFU/mL | (207) |
| IgY powder | Broiler | Growth, immunity, intestinal morphology of E. coli (O78: K80) | 0.1–0.4%: Decreases ileal bacterial counts and blood infection parameters | (208) |
| Chicken egg-yolk derived antibody against 5 C. jejuni CAPs | Hen | C. jejuni | ↑ α-C. jejuni CAP-specific IgY levels in immunized hens; ↓ hepatocellular carcinoma cells | (209) |
| IgY hyperimmune serum | Broiler | C. jejuni | ↑ mucosal clearance; ↓ bacterial count and transmission | (210) |
| Polyclonal IgY | Hubbard broiler chicks | IBDV | ↓ morbidity, mortality, and virus-specific lesions | (211) |
| Hyperimmune egg yolk | Layer Hens | C. jejuni | ↓ Campylobacter-colonization, ↓ in C. jejuni counts | (212) |
| IBDV-specific IgY serum | Chicks challenged with IBDV | IBDV | Serum titer more than 4,000 was effective | (213) |
| Hyperimmunized yolk antibodies raised in hens | Piglets | PEDV and TGEV | 100 and 88% cure rate against TGEV and PEDV | (214) |
| HRV received specific IgY antibodies | Gnotobiotic Piglets challenged with infectious Wa G1P | Human Rotavirus | Titer of 4,096 for 9 days: full protection against diarrhea, ↓ shedding of the virus | (215) |
| Bovine RV-specific IgY in egg yolk | Newborn calves | Bovine rotavirus | 105.85 FFU: 80% protection against diarrhea | (216) |
| Enterobactin-specific hyperimmune egg yolk IgY | Immunity | The immune response generated against Gram-negative infections | (217) | |
| IgYs raised against Omp34 | Mice | Acinetobacter baumannii | Passive immunization, ↓ bacterial load in various organs | (218) |
| IgY raised against soluble tachyzoite antigens | Hens and Mice | Toxoplasma gondii | ↑ Recognition of parasite antigens | (219) |
| Supracox® | SPF Leghorn Chicks | Eimeria tenella | 120 mg/bird: ↑ viability and weight gain; ↓ oocyst output per gram of feces, cecal tissue, and cecal lesions | (220) |
| Ovotransferrin PC2 from egg white of hen | Rhode Island Red Hens | Immunological activity | Antigen specificity and high antibody titers are similar to IgY | (221) |
| Chicken IgY specific to GST-GAM56 | Chicken | Eimeria maxima | ↑ weight; ↓ oocyst output and intestinal lesions | (222) |
| IgY extracted from hyperimmunized chickens | Rats | T. evansi | Pre-patent period, endurance and survival were enhanced | (223) |