Table 4.
Genomic medicine as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry and livestock production.
| Aspect | Techniques | Examples | Species | Benefits | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene editing | CRISPR-Cas9, TALENs | Editing CD163 to resist PRRS | Pig | Immunity, disease resistance | (224) |
| Disease resistance breeding | GWAS, marker-assisted selection | Salmonella, Mycoplasma, E. coli resistance | Chicken | Natural selection | (225) |
| Vaccinomics | Genomic profiling, transcriptomics, epitope prediction | DNA/RNA vaccines against avian influenza, Avian retroviruses, necrotic enteritis | Avian | Customized vaccines | (226) |
| Diagnosis and prediction | Genomic diagnostics, SNP chips | Mastitis susceptibility | Cattle | Early detection and prediction | (227) |
| Microbiome engineering | Metagenomics, Host-microbiome interaction | Selection of favorable gut microbiota | Chicken | Improve gut health without antibiotics | (228) |
| Precision livestock medicine | Integrating genomics data for precise farming technologies | Individual health protocols based on genomic makeup | Livestock | Real-time health monitoring and targeted interventions | (229) |