Table 2.
Univariate analysis of the clinical features in the training set.
| Variables | Total (N=17,637) | Non-VTEa (n=17,061) | VTE (n=576) | P value | ||||||
| Demographic data | ||||||||||
|
|
Age (years), mean (SD) | 66.49 (16.30) | 66.57 (16.27) | 64.10 (16.93) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
Sex (male), n (%) | 10268 (58.2) | 9934 (58.2) | 334 (58.0) | .91 | |||||
|
|
BMI, mean (SD) | 27.75 (6.20) | 27.74 (6.20) | 27.90 (6.04) | .53 | |||||
|
|
Race, n (%) |
|
|
|
.42 | |||||
|
|
|
Asian | 1415 (8.0) | 1360 (8.0) | 55 (9.6) |
|
||||
|
|
|
Black | 11463 (65.0) | 11,085 (65.0) | 378 (65.6) |
|
||||
|
|
|
White | 604 (3.4) | 583 (3.4) | 21 (3.7) |
|
||||
|
|
|
Hispanic | 3642 (20.7) | 3538 (20.7) | 104 (18.1) |
|
||||
|
|
|
Other | 513 (2.9) | 495 (2.9) | 18 (3.1) |
|
||||
|
|
Insurance, n (%) |
|
|
|
.004 | |||||
|
|
|
Other | 2937 (16.7) | 2816 (16.5) | 121 (21.0) |
|
||||
|
|
|
Medicare | 14700 (83.4) | 14245 (83.5) | 455 (79.0) |
|
||||
| Vital signs | ||||||||||
|
|
HRb, mean (SD) | 90.17 (20.61) | 90.06 (20.57) | 93.50 (21.61) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
RRc, mean (SD) | 19.52 (6.47) | 19.50 (6.46) | 20.18 (6.59) | .02 | |||||
|
|
SBPd, mean (SD) | 121.14 (24.40) | 121.13 (24.38) | 121.45 (25.14) | .77 | |||||
|
|
DBPe, mean (SD) | 67.35 (18.17) | 67.34 (18.14) | 67.48 (19.10) | .86 | |||||
|
|
Temperature, mean (SD) | 36.81 (0.77) | 36.81 (0.77) | 36.74 (0.84) | .06 | |||||
|
|
SpO2f, median (Q1-Q3) | 98 (95-100) | 98 (95-100) | 98 (95-100) | .07 | |||||
| Severity scoring system | ||||||||||
|
|
GCSg, median (Q1-Q3) | 15 (13-15) | 15 (13-15) | 15 (13-15) | .67 | |||||
|
|
SOFAh, median (Q1-Q3) | 5 (3-8) | 5 (3-8) | 5 (4-8) | .12 | |||||
|
|
SAPSi II, mean (SD) | 40 (14) | 40 (14) | 42 (16) | .01 | |||||
| Laboratory data | ||||||||||
|
|
WBCj, mean (SD) | 12.65 (6.84) | 12.64 (6.82) | 13.04 (7.35) | .19 | |||||
|
|
Hemoglobin, mean (SD) | 10.51 (2.25) | 10.50 (2.25) | 10.58 (2.11) | .42 | |||||
|
|
PLTk, mean (SD) | 195.34 (100.17) | 195.06 (99.70) | 203.51 (113.05) | .08 | |||||
|
|
ALTl, median (Q1-Q3) | 26 (16-53) | 26 (16-53) | 30 (17-62) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
Creatinine, mean (SD) | 1.48 (1.45) | 1.48 (1.46) | 1.43 (1.28) | .39 | |||||
|
|
Sodium, mean (SD) | 137.90 (5.62) | 137.89 (5.62) | 138.25 (5.65) | .13 | |||||
|
|
Potassium, mean (SD) | 4.24 (0.77) | 4.24 (0.77) | 4.12 (0.73) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
Chloride, mean (SD) | 104.10 (6.68) | 104.06 (6.68) | 105.29 (6.73) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
BUNm, median (Q1-Q3) | 20 (14-34) | 20 (14-34) | 22 (14-35) | .20 | |||||
|
|
Hematocrit, mean (SD) | 31.98 (6.71) | 31.98 (6.72) | 31.87 (6.37) | .67 | |||||
|
|
Glucose, median (Q1-Q3) | 130 (106-165) | 130 (106-165) | 125 (103-159) | .03 | |||||
|
|
INRn, median (Q1-Q3) | 1.3 (1.2-1.6) | 1.3 (1.2-1.6) | 1.3 (1.2-1.5) | .54 | |||||
|
|
PTo, median (Q1-Q3) | 14.6 (12.8-17.0) | 14.6 (12.8-16.9) | 14.6 (13.1-17.1) | .35 | |||||
|
|
PTTp, median (Q1-Q3) | 31.2 (27.3-37.6) | 31.2 (27.3-37.6) | 32.6 (27.9-42.2) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
pHq, mean (SD) | 7.36 (0.10) | 7.36 (0.10) | 7.36 (0.10) | .37 | |||||
|
|
PaO2r, median (Q1-Q3) | 140 (87-273) | 141 (87-275) | 129 (86-243) | .04 | |||||
|
|
PaCO2s, mean (SD) | 42.32 (12.07) | 42.36 (12.04) | 41.14 (13.06) | .03 | |||||
|
|
BEt, mean (SD) | –1.47 (5.26) | –1.47 (5.25) | –1.51 (5.58) | .87 | |||||
|
|
Lacu, median (Q1-Q3) | 1.8 (1.2-2.7) | 1.8 (1.2-2.7) | 1.8 (1.2-2.7) | .63 | |||||
|
|
HCO3-v, mean (SD) | 22.58 (4.76) | 22.57 (4.75) | 22.87 (4.82) | .14 | |||||
| Ventilation Variables, median (Q1-Q3) | ||||||||||
|
|
PEEPw | 5 (5-5) | 5 (5-5) | 5 (5-5) | .045 | |||||
|
|
FiO2x | 60 (50-100) | 60 (50-100) | 60 (50-100) | .13 | |||||
|
|
PEEPw/FiO2x | 246 (152-353) | 246 (152-353) | 254 (149-357) | .84 | |||||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||||||
|
|
Hypertension | 7333 (41.6) | 7075 (41.5) | 258 (44.8) | .11 | |||||
|
|
Diabetes | 2463 (14.0) | 2463 (14.4) | 0 (0.0) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
Myocardial infarction | 793 (4.5) | 787 (4.6) | 6 (1.0) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
COPDy | 1142 (6.5) | 1142 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
Asthma | 1381 (7.8) | 1327 (7.8) | 54 (9.4) | .16 | |||||
|
|
Pancreatitis | 449 (2.6) | 421 (2.5) | 28 (4.9) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
ARFz | 5965 (33.8) | 5727 (33.6) | 238 (41.3) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
AKIaa | 12163 (69.0) | 11,712 (68.7) | 451 (78.3) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
ARDSbb | 4117 (23.3) | 3943 (23.1) | 174 (30.2) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
Malignant cancer | 2790 (15.8) | 2685 (15.7) | 105 (18.2) | .11 | |||||
| Therapeutic interventions, n (%) | ||||||||||
|
|
Arterial catheterization | 1265 (7.2) | 1150 (6.7) | 115 (20.0) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
Central venous catheterization | 1580 (9.0) | 1443 (8.5) | 137 (23.8) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
CPBcc | 2090 (11.9) | 2038 (12.0) | 52 (9.0) | .03 | |||||
|
|
CRRTdd | 1605 (9.1) | 1533 (9.0) | 72 (12.5) | .004 | |||||
|
|
Ventilation | 8718 (49.4) | 8442 (49.5) | 276 (47.9) | .46 | |||||
|
|
Heparin | 15479 (87.8) | 14943 (87.6) | 536 (93.1) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
Aspirin | 9026 (51.2) | 8771 (51.4) | 255 (44.3) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
Vasopressors | 5492 (31.1) | 5294 (31.0) | 198 (34.4) | .09 | |||||
aVTE: venous thromboembolism.
bHR: heart rate.
cRR: respiratory rate.
dSBP: systolic blood pressure.
eDBP: diastolic blood pressure.
fSpO2: oxygen saturation.
gGCS: Glasgow Coma Scale.
hSOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
iSAPS II: simplified acute physiology score II.
jWBC: white blood cell count.
kPLT: platelet.
lALT: alanine aminotransferase.
mBUN: blood urea nitrogen.
nINR: international normalized ratio.
oPT: prothrombin time.
pPTT: partial thromboplastin time.
qpH: potential of hydrogen.
rPaO2: partial pressure of oxygen.
sPaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
tBE: base excess.
uLac: lactic acid.
vHCO3-: bicarbonate.
wPEEP: positive end-expiratory pressure.
xFiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen.
yCOPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
zARF: acute respiratory failure.
aaAKI: acute kidney injury.
bbARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome.
ccCPB: cardiopulmonary bypass.
ddCRRT: continuous renal replacement therapy.