Skip to main content
. 2026 Jan 21;27:148. doi: 10.1186/s12891-026-09526-1

Table 1.

General characteristics of respondents

Variable Normal Osteopenia Osteoporosis P value
Gender, n(%)  < 0.05
 Female 49 (60.49) 90 (69.23) 80 (77.67)
 Male 32 (39.51) 40 (30.77) 23 (22.33)
Age (years), mean(SD) 58.74 (10.71) 60.31 (11.59) 64.94 (8.11)  < 0.001
BMI 22.81 (3.39) 22.39 (3.39) 20.85 (3.57)  < 0.001
Fracture_History, n(%) 0.2845
 Yes 10 (12.35) 15 (11.54) 19 (18.45)
 No 71 (87.65) 115 (88.46) 84 (81.55)
Tender_Joint_Count, mean(SD) 12.72 (10.06) 10.44 (9.22) 10.46 (8.33) 0.1603
Swollen_Joint_Count, mean(SD) 10.01 (8.60) 7.57 (8.06) 9.16 (7.76) 0.0849
DAS28_Score, mean(SD) 5.95 (1.63) 5.54 (1.59) 5.85 (1.40) 0.1249
Vitamin D Level, mean(SD) 65.16 (16.81) 62.63 (17.66) 57.50 (17.67)  < 0.05
Vitamin D Supplements, n(%)  < 0.001
 Yes 49 (60.49) 103 (79.23) 90 (87.38)
 No 32 (39.51) 27 (20.77) 13 (12.62)
Alcohol_Consumption_History 0.0613
 Yes 11(13.58) 8(6.15) 5(4.85)
 No 70(86.42) 122(93.85) 98(95.15)
Alendronate_Sodium  < 0.001
 Yes 3(3.7) 19(14.62) 41(39.81)
 No 78(96.3) 111(85.38) 62(60.19)
Golimumab  < 0.05
 Yes 0(0) 9(6.92) 14(13.59)
 No 81(100.00) 121(93.08) 89(86.41)
Tofacitinib 0.1601
 Yes 28(34.57) 33(25.38) 23(22.33)
 No 53(65.43) 97(74.62) 80(77.67)
Daily Physical Activity Level  < 0.001
 Light 46(56.79) 47(36.15) 27(26.21)
 Medium 13(16.05) 25(19.23) 18(17.48)
 Heavy 22(27.16) 58(44.62) 58(56.31)
Synovitis in Both Knees 0.1600
 Yes 61(75.31) 86(66.15) 64(62.14)
 No 20(24.69) 44(33.85) 39(37.86)
Synovitis in Both Elbows 0.0629
 Yes 11(13.58) 12(9.23) 4(3.88)
 No 70(86.42) 118(90.77) 99(96.12)
Lumbar_Spine_Osteoporosis, n(%) 81(25.80) 130(41.40) 103(32.80)
Hip_Osteoporosis, n(%) 76(24.20) 178(56.69) 60(19.11)

SD Standard Deviation