Table 2.
Association between insulin resistance-related indices and risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals with metabolic syndrome
| Exposure | Total CVD | CHD | Stroke | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases/ incidence rate |
HR (95% CI) | Cases/ incidence rate |
HR (95% CI) | Cases/ incidence rate |
HR (95% CI) | ||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||
| TyG index | |||||||||
| Each 1-SD increase | – | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 0.97 (0.95–0.98) | – | 1.07 (1.05–1.09) | 0.97 (0.94–0.99) | – | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) |
| Quartile 1 | 6144/17.83 | Reference | Reference | 3441/9.60 | Reference | Reference | 988/2.65 | Reference | Reference |
| Quartile 2 | 5610/16.06 | 0.90 (0.86–0.93) | 0.91 (0.87–0.94) | 3235/8.95 | 0.93 (0.89–0.98) | 0.91 (0.87–0.96) | 911/2.43 | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) |
| Quartile 3 | 5858/16.86 | 0.92 (0.89–0.95) | 0.90 (0.87–0.94) | 3504/9.76 | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.92 (0.87–0.97) | 934/2.49 | 0.94 (0.86–1.03) | 0.92 (0.84–1.02) |
| Quartile 4 | 6482/18.94 | 1.02 (0.98–1.05) | 0.92 (0.88–0.97) | 4139/11.69 | 1.14 (1.09–1.19) | 0.94 (0.88–0.99) | 1040/2.79 | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 0.97 (0.87–1.09) |
| TyG-BMI index | |||||||||
| Each 1-SD increase | – | 1.17 (1.16–1.19) | 1.14 (1.13–1.16) | – | 1.12 (1.10–1.14) | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | – | 1.07 (1.03–1.10) | 1.02 (0.98–1.05) |
| Quartile 1 | 5608/16.13 | Reference | Reference | 3357/9.37 | Reference | Reference | 1005/2.70 | Reference | Reference |
| Quartile 2 | 5779/16.63 | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 3448/9.59 | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 986/2.63 | 1.03 (0.94–1.12) | 1.02 (0.93–1.11) |
| Quartile 3 | 5962/17.20 | 1.15 (1.11–1.19) | 1.14 (1.10–1.18) | 3578/9.98 | 1.11 (1.06–1.16) | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | 904/2.41 | 1.00 (0.91–1.09) | 0.96 (0.88–1.05) |
| Quartile 4 | 6745/19.73 | 1.44 (1.39–1.49) | 1.35 (1.30–1.40) | 3936/11.04 | 1.30 (1.24–1.36) | 1.16 (1.10–1.22) | 978/2.62 | 1.17 (1.07–1.28) | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) |
| TyG-WC index | |||||||||
| Each 1-SD increase | – | 1.19 (1.17–1.20) | 1.16 (1.14–1.18) | – | 1.13 (1.11–1.15) | 1.07 (1.05–1.09) | – | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) |
| Quartile 1 | 4788/13.48 | Reference | Reference | 2799/7.67 | Reference | Reference | 899/2.39 | Reference | Reference |
| Quartile 2 | 5558/15.88 | 1.11 (1.07–1.16) | 1.11 (1.07–1.16) | 3310/9.17 | 1.09 (1.03–1.14) | 1.06 (1.01–1.12) | 924/2.46 | 1.00 (0.91–1.10) | 0.99 (0.90–1.09) |
| Quartile 3 | 6237/18.13 | 1.21 (1.16–1.26) | 1.21 (1.16–1.26) | 3741/10.48 | 1.14 (1.08–1.20) | 1.10 (1.04–1.16) | 941/2.52 | 1.00 (0.90–1.10) | 0.97 (0.88–1.07) |
| Quartile 4 | 7511/22.46 | 1.49 (1.43–1.55) | 1.42 (1.36–1.48) | 4469/12.76 | 1.33 (1.26–1.40) | 1.18 (1.12–1.25) | 1109/3.00 | 1.19 (1.08–1.31) | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) |
| TyG-WHtR index | |||||||||
| Each 1-SD increase | – | 1.16 (1.15–1.18) | 1.13 (1.11–1.15) | – | 1.14 (1.12–1.16) | 1.08 (1.06–1.10) | – | 1.09 (1.06–1.13) | 1.04 (1.01–1.08) |
| Quartile 1 | 5139/14.58 | Reference | Reference | 2978/8.20 | Reference | Reference | 894/2.38 | Reference | Reference |
| Quartile 2 | 5605/16.05 | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 1.07 (1.03–1.11) | 3349/9.29 | 1.08 (1.02–1.13) | 1.07 (1.02–1.13) | 910/2.42 | 1.00 (0.92–1.10) | 1.00 (0.91–1.10) |
| Quartile 3 | 6048/17.49 | 1.13 (1.08–1.17) | 1.12 (1.08–1.17) | 3654/10.22 | 1.14 (1.08–1.19) | 1.10 (1.05–1.16) | 950/2.54 | 1.03 (0.94–1.13) | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) |
| Quartile 4 | 7302/21.73 | 1.40 (1.35–1.45) | 1.32 (1.27–1.37) | 4338/12.35 | 1.35 (1.28–1.41) | 1.19 (1.13–1.25) | 1119/3.02 | 1.22 (1.12–1.34) | 1.11 (1.01–1.23) |
Incidence rates are presented as per 1000 person-years
Model 1 were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, employed status, Townsend deprivation index, educational level, family income, smoking status, alcohol drinking, sleep duration, physical activity, and healthy diet score
Model 2 were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, employed status, Townsend deprivation index, educational level, family income, smoking status, alcohol drinking, sleep duration, physical activity, healthy diet score, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, self-reported history of hypertension and diabetes, and use of antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, lipid-lowering medications
CVD cardiovascular disease, CHD coronary heart disease, SD standard deviation, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, TyG triglycerides-glucose index, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHtR waist-to-height ratio