Table 2.
Top 30 insomnia risk medications for men and women.
| Gender | Drug | Case Count (n) | ROR (95% CI) | PRR (χ2) | EBGM (EB05) | IC (IC025) | p-value | Adjusted p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | VARENICLINE | 2040 | 6.61 (6.32–6.92) | 6.17 (8748.13) | 6.05 (5.78) | 2.6 (2.53) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| QUETIAPINE | 1794 | 4.97 (4.74–5.21) | 4.73 (5234.9) | 4.65 (4.43) | 2.22 (2.14) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| PREGABALIN | 1,424 | 3.4 (3.23–3.59) | 3.3 (2277.57) | 3.26 (3.09) | 1.71 (1.63) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| DULOXETINE | 1,235 | 7.95 (7.5–8.43) | 7.3 (6708.96) | 7.21 (6.8) | 2.85 (2.76) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| OXYBATE SODIUM | 1,144 | 5.4 (5.08–5.73) | 5.11 (3781.59) | 5.06 (4.76) | 2.34 (2.24) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| PEGINTERFERON ALFA 2A | 971 | 5.12 (4.8–5.47) | 4.86 (2985.03) | 4.82 (4.52) | 2.27 (2.17) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| FINASTERIDE | 956 | 5.66 (5.3–6.05) | 5.34 (3378.44) | 5.29 (4.95) | 2.4 (2.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| ARIPIPRAZOLE | 938 | 2.99 (2.8–3.19) | 2.91 (1180.65) | 2.89 (2.71) | 1.53 (1.43) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| PIMAVANSERIN | 770 | 2.49 (2.32–2.68) | 2.45 (660.69) | 2.43 (2.26) | 1.28 (1.17) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| METHYLPHENIDATE | 724 | 2.92 (2.71–3.15) | 2.85 (874.32) | 2.84 (2.63) | 1.5 (1.39) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| CIPROFLOXACIN | 714 | 3.8 (3.52–4.1) | 3.67 (1392.57) | 3.65 (3.38) | 1.87 (1.75) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| TELAPREVIR | 708 | 4.16 (3.86–4.49) | 4 (1600.27) | 3.97 (3.68) | 1.99 (1.87) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| PAROXETINE | 708 | 4.47 (4.14–4.82) | 4.28 (1787.69) | 4.25 (3.94) | 2.09 (1.97) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| MONTELUKAST | 690 | 7.05 (6.52–7.63) | 6.54 (3257.21) | 6.5 (6.01) | 2.7 (2.57) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| BUPROPION | 664 | 4.86 (4.49–5.26) | 4.63 (1,899) | 4.6 (4.25) | 2.2 (2.08) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| SERTRALINE | 659 | 3.23 (2.99–3.49) | 3.14 (966.81) | 3.12 (2.89) | 1.64 (1.52) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| FAMPRIDINE | 608 | 3.33 (3.07–3.61) | 3.23 (941.22) | 3.21 (2.96) | 1.68 (1.56) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| ATOMOXETINE | 565 | 4.14 (3.81–4.51) | 3.98 (1269.86) | 3.96 (3.64) | 1.99 (1.85) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| NALTREXONE | 547 | 3.85 (3.53–4.2) | 3.72 (1092.8) | 3.7 (3.39) | 1.89 (1.75) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| LEDIPASVIR SOFOSBUVIR | 534 | 3.55 (3.25–3.87) | 3.43 (926.85) | 3.42 (3.13) | 1.77 (1.64) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| OMALIZUMAB | 483 | 2.64 (2.41–2.89) | 2.59 (473.37) | 2.58 (2.35) | 1.37 (1.23) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| DASABUVIR OMBITASVIR PARITAPREVIR RITONAVIR | 471 | 7.83 (7.12–8.61) | 7.2 (2531.53) | 7.16 (6.51) | 2.84 (2.68) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| VENLAFAXINE | 451 | 3.16 (2.87–3.47) | 3.07 (635.09) | 3.06 (2.79) | 1.61 (1.47) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| TASIMELTEON | 446 | 17.99 (16.22–19.95) | 14.77 (5768.53) | 14.69 (13.25) | 3.88 (3.68) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| BUPRENORPHINE NALOXONE | 429 | 4.41 (4–4.86) | 4.22 (1062.52) | 4.2 (3.81) | 2.07 (1.92) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| LEVOFLOXACIN | 426 | 2.7 (2.45–2.98) | 2.64 (438.46) | 2.63 (2.39) | 1.4 (1.25) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| LISDEXAMFETAMINE | 424 | 4.78 (4.33–5.27) | 4.56 (1186.42) | 4.54 (4.11) | 2.18 (2.03) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| CLONAZEPAM | 397 | 4.55 (4.11–5.03) | 4.35 (1032.22) | 4.33 (3.91) | 2.12 (1.95) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| LEVOTHYROXINE | 391 | 5.99 (5.4–6.64) | 5.63 (1499.94) | 5.61 (5.06) | 2.49 (2.32) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| SOFOSBUVIR VELPATASVIR | 387 | 3.27 (2.95–3.62) | 3.18 (582.66) | 3.17 (2.86) | 1.66 (1.51) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Female | LEVOTHYROXINE | 3,865 | 6.71 (6.48–6.93) | 6.16 (16,556) | 6.03 (5.83) | 2.59 (2.54) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| DULOXETINE | 3,800 | 7.19 (6.95–7.43) | 6.55 (17735.46) | 6.42 (6.21) | 2.68 (2.63) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| VARENICLINE | 3,654 | 5.44 (5.26–5.63) | 5.09 (11916.68) | 4.99 (4.83) | 2.32 (2.27) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| PREGABALIN | 3,426 | 3.18 (3.07–3.29) | 3.07 (4756.27) | 3.03 (2.92) | 1.6 (1.55) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| QUETIAPINE | 2,977 | 4.66 (4.48–4.83) | 4.4 (7807.54) | 4.34 (4.18) | 2.12 (2.06) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| FAMPRIDINE | 2,175 | 3.5 (3.35–3.65) | 3.36 (3618.93) | 3.33 (3.19) | 1.74 (1.67) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| NIRAPARIB | 2048 | 12.21 (11.64–12.8) | 10.37 (17402.71) | 10.25 (9.78) | 3.36 (3.28) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| SERTRALINE | 1,527 | 3.32 (3.15–3.49) | 3.2 (2,326) | 3.18 (3.02) | 1.67 (1.59) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| PAROXETINE | 1,447 | 4.26 (4.04–4.49) | 4.05 (3349.02) | 4.02 (3.81) | 2.01 (1.93) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| BUPROPION | 1,400 | 3.99 (3.78–4.21) | 3.81 (2923.99) | 3.79 (3.59) | 1.92 (1.84) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| VENLAFAXINE | 1,327 | 3.24 (3.07–3.43) | 3.13 (1941.16) | 3.11 (2.95) | 1.64 (1.56) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| ARIPIPRAZOLE | 1,189 | 2.38 (2.24–2.52) | 2.33 (907.66) | 2.32 (2.19) | 1.21 (1.13) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| LEVOFLOXACIN | 1,126 | 4.09 (3.85–4.34) | 3.9 (2445.3) | 3.88 (3.65) | 1.95 (1.86) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| ALENDRONIC ACID | 1,116 | 2.5 (2.35–2.65) | 2.44 (954.53) | 2.43 (2.29) | 1.28 (1.19) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| CIPROFLOXACIN | 1,042 | 3.34 (3.14–3.55) | 3.22 (1609.3) | 3.2 (3.01) | 1.68 (1.59) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| DESVENLAFAXINE | 994 | 5.45 (5.11–5.81) | 5.09 (3298.6) | 5.06 (4.75) | 2.34 (2.24) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| MONTELUKAST | 886 | 5.12 (4.78–5.48) | 4.81 (2698.68) | 4.78 (4.47) | 2.26 (2.15) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| CLONAZEPAM | 883 | 5.57 (5.19–5.96) | 5.19 (3017.83) | 5.17 (4.82) | 2.37 (2.26) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| PEGINTERFERON ALFA 2A | 843 | 3.85 (3.59–4.13) | 3.68 (1664.88) | 3.67 (3.42) | 1.88 (1.77) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| LORATADINE PSEUDOEPHEDRINE | 671 | 10.64 (9.8–11.55) | 9.23 (4981.86) | 9.19 (8.47) | 3.2 (3.06) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| LEUPRORELIN | 653 | 2.44 (2.25–2.64) | 2.38 (530.46) | 2.38 (2.2) | 1.25 (1.13) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| ALPRAZOLAM | 638 | 2.3 (2.12–2.49) | 2.25 (449.78) | 2.25 (2.08) | 1.17 (1.05) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| ANASTROZOLE | 588 | 2.81 (2.59–3.05) | 2.73 (652.68) | 2.72 (2.51) | 1.45 (1.32) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| ESCITALOPRAM | 530 | 2.7 (2.48–2.95) | 2.63 (542.24) | 2.62 (2.41) | 1.39 (1.26) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| CITALOPRAM | 507 | 2.37 (2.17–2.59) | 2.32 (384.37) | 2.31 (2.12) | 1.21 (1.08) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| LEFLUNOMIDE | 468 | 2.74 (2.5–3.01) | 2.67 (495.44) | 2.67 (2.43) | 1.41 (1.27) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| LEDIPASVIR SOFOSBUVIR | 461 | 3.25 (2.96–3.57) | 3.14 (680.21) | 3.13 (2.85) | 1.65 (1.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| FEXOFENADINE | 448 | 2.59 (2.35–2.84) | 2.52 (416.88) | 2.52 (2.29) | 1.33 (1.19) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| CLARITHROMYCIN | 447 | 3.04 (2.77–3.35) | 2.95 (582.42) | 2.94 (2.67) | 1.56 (1.41) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| ATOMOXETINE | 406 | 4.56 (4.12–5.04) | 4.32 (1048.07) | 4.31 (3.89) | 2.11 (1.95) | <0.001 | <0.001 |