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. 2026 Feb 2;17:1644741. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2025.1644741

Figure 3.

Four line graphs compare younger and older adults' cognitive performance. Graphs A and B show d-prime values for long and short interstimulus intervals (ISI). Graphs C and D show reaction times for the same conditions. Younger adults generally outperform older adults, with better d-prime scores and faster reaction times. Performance decreases as task difficulty increases for all groups.

Change in d-prime scores (A: long ISI; B: short ISI) and reaction times (C: long ISI; D: short ISI) across n-back levels between groups. Data represent the mean ± standard error. ISI denotes inter-stimulus interval. Line colors represent each group. *Indicates significantly greater d-prime scores for the younger group compared to the older groups at each n-back level. ⓪ Indicates significance compared to 0-back, ① indicates significance compared to 1-back, and ② indicates significance compared to 2-back within each group (if shown within the graph) or across all pooled groups (if located at the bottom of the graph). †Indicates significantly different for the younger group compared to the older groups in all pooled n-back levels; ‡indicates significantly different between the older groups in all pooled n-back levels. HF refers to high physical function, and LF refers to low physical function.