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. 2026 Feb 2;17:1644741. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2025.1644741

Figure 4.

Four scatter plots show correlations between changes in walking speed and n-back performance across different groups and inter-stimulus intervals. Plots A and C represent data for long ISI (1,500 milliseconds) on d-prime and reaction time, respectively. Plots B and D represent data for short ISI (500 milliseconds) on d-prime and reaction time, respectively. Data points are categorized into three groups: Younger (black), Older HF (blue), and Older LF (red). Linear regression lines and correlation coefficients are provided for each group.

Multivariate correlation analysis illustrating the relationship between the percentage change (%Δ) in d-prime or reaction time from 0-back to 3-back and the percentage change in walking speed from flat to high terrain within each group. ISI denotes inter-stimulus interval. The text colors (black: younger group, blue: high physical function group, red: low physical function group) distinguish each group. The correlation coefficients (r) and P-values within each graph indicate the strength and significance of the relationship. HF refers to high physical function, and LF refers to low physical function.