Table 1.
Demographic and cognitive assessments in older and younger adults.
| Demographics and cognition | Older adults | Younger adults | t/χ2 | padj |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 68.66 (6.46) | 22.64 (3.35) | 71.02 | 0.001 |
| Gender (F/M) | 65/54 | 92/70 | 0.06 | 0.810 |
| Education | 17.28 (2.87) | 15.20 (1.92) | 6.84 | 0.001 |
| MMSE | 28.66 (1.23) | 29.10 (1.21) | −3.01 | 0.230 |
| Crystallized cognition | 135.64 (10.36) | 126.15 (9.88) | 7.64 | 0.001 |
| Fluid cognition | 96.57 (10.19) | 118.39 (14.03) | −14.82 | 0.001 |
| General cognitive ability | 121.19 (11.54) | 131.11 (14.03) | −6.38 | 0.001 |
| Episodic memory | −0.71 (0.66) | 0.53 (0.53) | −16.82 | 0.001 |
| Semantic memory | 0.49 (0.70) | −0.34 (0.77) | 9.45 | 0.001 |
| Executive function | −0.51 (0.47) | 0.39 (0.54) | −14.86 | 0.001 |
F, female; M, male; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Exam total score. Episodic memory represented a composite score of Verbal Paired Associates, Associative Recall, NIH Cognition Auditory Verbal Learning, and NIH Cognition Picture Sequence Memory variables. Semantic memory represented a composite score of Shipley Vocabulary, NIH Cognition Picture Vocabulary, and NIH Cognition Oral Reading Recognition variables. Executive function represented a composite score of the Trail Making Task, NIH Cognition Flanker, NIH Cognition Dimensional Change Card Sort, and NIH Cognition List Sort Working Memory variables. General cognitive ability represents the sum of crystallized cognition and fluid cognition.