Table 3. Univariate and multivariate analyses for constipation occurrence in the PSM cohort.

Characteristics		Non-constipation (n = 685)	Constipation (n = 242)	Univariate		Multivariate
				OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Bladder neck hypermobility (%)	No	243 (35.5)	74 (30.6)	Reference
	Yes	442 (64.5)	168 (69.4)	1.2 (0.91–1.71)	0.168
Vesicocele (%)	No	279 (40.7)	88 (36.4)	Reference
	Yes	406 (59.3)	154 (63.6)	1.2 (0.89–1.63)	0.233
Uterine prolapse (%)	No	471 (68.8)	149 (61.6)	Reference
	Yes	214 (31.2)	93 (38.4)	1.4 (1–1.86)	0.042	0.82 (0.52–1.29)	0.391
Rectocele (%)	No	649 (94.7)	219 (90.5)	Reference
	Yes	36 (5.3)	23 (9.5)	1.9 (1.1–3.27)	0.022	1.90 (1.08–3.29)	0.023
Perineal hypermobility (%)	No	446 (65.1)	148 (61.2)	Reference
	Yes	239 (34.9)	94 (38.8)	1.2 (0.88–1.6)	0.271
Rupture of the levator ani muscle (%)	No	669 (97.7)	235 (97.1)	Reference
	Yes	16 (2.3)	7 (2.9)	1.2 (0.51–3.07)	0.633
Rupture of the anal sphincter (%)	No	680 (99.3)	239 (98.8)	Reference
	Yes	5 (0.7)	3 (1.2)	1.7 (0.4–7.2)	0.466
Levator ani hiatus dilation (%)	No	238 (34.7)	63 (26.0)	Reference
	Yes	447 (65.3)	179 (74.0)	1.5 (1.1–2.1)	0.013	1.07 (0.69–1.68)	0.757
Levator ani hiatus area (cm2, median (IQR))		22 [18, 28]	24 [20, 29]	1 (1–1.05)	0.003	1.01 (0.98–1.04)	0.392
Position of the bladder at rest (mm, median (IQR))		29 [27, 31]	29 [27,31]	1 (0.97–1.06)	0.559
Position of the bladder at VM (mm, median (IQR))		−2 [−10, 10]	−2 [−10, 9]	0.99 (0.98–1.01)	0.358
Position of the uterus at VM (mm, median (IQR))		7 [−1, 14]	5 [−2,9]	0.98 (0.97–0.993)	0.001	0.98 (0.97–1.00)	0.026
Position of the rectum at VM (%)	Up	105 (15.3)	22 (9.1)	Reference
	Down	580 (84.7)	220 (90.9)	1.8 (1.1–2.94)	0.017	1.46 (0.89–2.48)	0.150
Bladder descent (mm, median (IQR))		31 [21, 39]	31 [21.7, 40]	1 (0.99–1.02)	0.278

Notes.

OR

odds ratio

VM

maximal Valsalva manoeuvre

up/down

the position of the pelvic organs is either above or below the pubic symphysis.