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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Feb 17.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Toxicol. 2022 Apr 21;96(6):1865–1880. doi: 10.1007/s00204-022-03294-2

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Timeline of the emergence of 2-benzylbenzimidazoles on the recreational drug market. Etonitazene has been sporadically identified between 1966 and 2003. Data for other nitazenes indicate first formal notification to the EU Early Warning System on new psychoactive substances (EMCDDA).